{smcl}
{com}{sf}{ul off}{txt}{.-}
      name:  {res}<unnamed>
       {txt}log:  {res}/Users/jrantanen/Documents/Scholarship/2021 Who Appeals Patent Cases/Data for submission/2022-10-21 Who Appeals Patent Cases log.smcl
  {txt}log type:  {res}smcl
 {txt}opened on:  {res}21 Oct 2022, 13:01:38

{com}. do "/var/folders/7_/0y4wt8bs3bs54vjp8qt2bv1cx83rll/T//SD46720.000000"
{txt}
{com}. *********************************************
. /*              Title: Merge and analysis of Stanford and CAFC datasets */
. /*              Project: Who Appeals Patent Cases */
. /*              Date: 2022-10-21 */
. *********************************************
. 
. // This file contains the replication code for 'Who Appeals Patent Cases?' To execute this file, you will need the following files: 
. 
. /* 
> - Stanford Dataset 2022-05-02PDT08-37-42.xlsx // This is the Stanford NPE Litiation Dataset as of May 2, 2022
> - 2020-02-20 Key for District Codes.dta // key file for formatting district field
> - CAFC Docket Dataset with formatted cv numbers 2011-2021.dta // This is the dataset of appeal dockets generated from the Federal Circuit Dataset project with district court docket number formatting standardized.
> - appeals 2022-04-06.dta // this is the current version of the document dataset from the Federal Circuit Dataset Project
> - 2022-06-30 keyword preliminary injunction.dta - file containing the uniqueID numbers for decisions that contain this term.
> */
. 
. // NOTE: The user will either need to place the above files in the following directory or update the below path to the correct file location
. 
. cd "~/Who Appeals Patent Cases/Data and Code"
{res}/Users/jrantanen/Who Appeals Patent Cases/Data and Code
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. 
. **************************
. /* Part II.A - Preparation of the Stanford dataset */
. **************************
. 
. // Begin with the Stanford dataset. This analysis used the dataset as of 2022-05-02. 
. 
. import excel "Stanford Dataset 2022-05-02PDT08-37-42.xlsx", sheet("cases-2022-05-02PDT08-37-42") firstrow clear
{res}{text}(12 vars, 76,386 obs)

{com}. 
. merge m:1 Venue using "2020-02-20 Key for District Codes.dta" // Converts the district information to the same format as used in the Federal Circuit dataset.
{res}{txt}{p 0 7 2}
(variable
{bf:Venue} was {bf:str9}, now {bf:str18} to accommodate using data's values)
{p_end}

{col 5}Result{col 33}Number of obs
{col 5}{hline 41}
{col 5}Not matched{col 30}{res}               9
{txt}{col 9}from master{col 30}{res}               0{txt}  (_merge==1)
{col 9}from using{col 30}{res}               9{txt}  (_merge==2)

{col 5}Matched{col 30}{res}          76,386{txt}  (_merge==3)
{col 5}{hline 41}

{com}. 
. // There are a miniscule number of records with district_id codes that do not have a corresponding match in the Stanford dataset. These are negligible and will be dropped. 
. 
. drop if _merge==2
{txt}(9 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. drop _merge
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen CivilAction_Stanford=CivilAction // The CivilAction field is shared with the Federal Circuit dataset we will be merging with. Note that Civil Action numbers are only unique within a district. Different districts can have the same Civil Action number. 
{txt}
{com}. 
. duplicates report CivilAction district_id 

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} CivilAction district_id{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}        {res}76358             0
        {txt}2 {c |}           {res}28            14
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. // This indicates that there are 76,372 unique civil actions in the set, of which 14 have duplicates. The 14 duplicates are dropped. 
. 
. duplicates drop CivilAction district_id, force

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} CivilAction district_id{p_end}

{txt}(14 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. rename FilingDate FilingDate_DCT
{res}{txt}
{com}. gen Case_Filed_Year = year(FilingDate_DCT)
{txt}
{com}. 
. save "Stanford Dataset with district_id.dta", replace // Saving the intermediate dataset.
{txt}{p 0 4 2}
file {bf}
Stanford Dataset with district_id.dta{rm}
saved
{p_end}

{com}. 
. **************************
. /* Part II.B - Creation of the "first appeal" dataset */
. **************************
. 
. // STEP 1: Creation of the first appeal filed docket dataset
. 
. use "CAFC Docket Dataset with formatted cv numbers 2011-2021.dta", clear
{txt}
{com}. 
. keep if origin=="DCT" & Misc_Docket!=1 & Year_Appeal_Filed > 2010 // The appeal docket set used in this paper consists of (1) appeals arising from the district courts that were (2) filed at the Federal Circuit after 2010 (3) excluding miscellaneous matters (i.e.: petitions for writs of mandamus or permission to appeal). Except in rare instances, each appeal docket is associated with only a single civil action number. In these rare instances, the first civil action number is used. 
{txt}(27,081 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. duplicates report PACER_ID // This provides the number of unique appeal dockets in the dataset. All appeal docket numbers are unique. Note that Appeal_Docket and PACER_ID contain the same information that is formatted in a different way. 

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} PACER_ID{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}4840             0
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. 
. sort PACER_ID DateFiledinCOA // This will ensure that the earliest appeal filed at the CAFC is kept
{txt}
{com}. 
. duplicates drop district_id CivilAction, force // This drops subsequent appeals arising from the same civil action.

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} district_id CivilAction{p_end}

{txt}(1,387 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. save "CAFC docket dataset - temp.dta", replace
{txt}{p 0 4 2}
file {bf}
CAFC docket dataset - temp.dta{rm}
saved
{p_end}

{com}. 
. use "Stanford Dataset with district_id.dta", clear
{txt}
{com}. 
. duplicates report district_id CivilAction // Verification that the dataset is unique with respect to district_id and Civil Action.

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} district_id CivilAction{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}        {res}76372             0
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. 
. merge 1:1 district_id CivilAction using "CAFC docket dataset - temp.dta" // This merge matches on the district that the case originated from and the complete civil action number (including the division)
{res}
{txt}{col 5}Result{col 33}Number of obs
{col 5}{hline 41}
{col 5}Not matched{col 30}{res}          73,943
{txt}{col 9}from master{col 30}{res}          73,431{txt}  (_merge==1)
{col 9}from using{col 30}{res}             512{txt}  (_merge==2)

{col 5}Matched{col 30}{res}           2,941{txt}  (_merge==3)
{col 5}{hline 41}

{com}. 
. drop _merge
{txt}
{com}. 
. //The result is a successful merge: ~2940 out of ~3453 appeal dockets matched for the selected time frame.  
. 
. gen dataset_Stanford=1 if case_node_id!=.
{txt}(512 missing values generated)

{com}. replace dataset_Stanford=0 if dataset_Stanford==.
{txt}(512 real changes made)

{com}. gen dataset_CAFC_docket=1 if PACER_ID!=""
{txt}(73,431 missing values generated)

{com}. replace dataset_CAFC_docket=0 if dataset_CAFC_docket==.
{txt}(73,431 real changes made)

{com}. // These commands generate a dummy variable that indicates which dataset the record is found in.
. 
. tab Year_Appeal_Filed dataset_Stanford

  {txt}Year the {c |}
appeal was {c |}
  docketed {c |}
    at the {c |}   dataset_Stanford
      CAFC {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
      2011 {c |}{res}        65        251 {txt}{c |}{res}       316 
{txt}      2012 {c |}{res}        67        283 {txt}{c |}{res}       350 
{txt}      2013 {c |}{res}        57        321 {txt}{c |}{res}       378 
{txt}      2014 {c |}{res}        42        342 {txt}{c |}{res}       384 
{txt}      2015 {c |}{res}        44        380 {txt}{c |}{res}       424 
{txt}      2016 {c |}{res}        47        309 {txt}{c |}{res}       356 
{txt}      2017 {c |}{res}        54        274 {txt}{c |}{res}       328 
{txt}      2018 {c |}{res}        33        219 {txt}{c |}{res}       252 
{txt}      2019 {c |}{res}        32        191 {txt}{c |}{res}       223 
{txt}      2020 {c |}{res}        26        197 {txt}{c |}{res}       223 
{txt}      2021 {c |}{res}        45        174 {txt}{c |}{res}       219 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}       512      2,941 {txt}{c |}{res}     3,453 
{txt}
{com}. // This table shows us that for 2011-2021, about 85% of the docket numbers in the CAFC appeal set match to at least one docket number in the Stanford set, and about 15% do not match.  This is a what we would expect based on past observations that about 15% of Federal Circuit decisions do not involve patent infringement. 
. 
. tab Case_Filed_Year Year_Appeal_Filed

{txt}Case_Filed {c |}                                         Year the appeal was docketed at the CAFC
     _Year {c |}      2011       2012       2013       2014       2015       2016       2017       2018       2019       2020       2021 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 121}{c +}{hline 10}
      2000 {c |}{res}         1          1          2          0          0          1          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         5 
{txt}      2001 {c |}{res}         1          2          0          1          0          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         4 
{txt}      2002 {c |}{res}         4          1          2          1          0          0          0          0          1          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         9 
{txt}      2003 {c |}{res}         8          4          1          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        13 
{txt}      2004 {c |}{res}         9          9          0          3          0          0          1          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        22 
{txt}      2005 {c |}{res}         6          7          3          1          4          2          0          1          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        24 
{txt}      2006 {c |}{res}        20         13          6          3          5          0          1          1          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        49 
{txt}      2007 {c |}{res}        40         30         13          4          2          0          1          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        90 
{txt}      2008 {c |}{res}        34         30         15          6          2          2          0          0          0          1          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        90 
{txt}      2009 {c |}{res}        60         56         20         16          7          9          2          0          2          2          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       174 
{txt}      2010 {c |}{res}        53         63         59         29         11          7          1          2          1          1          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       227 
{txt}      2011 {c |}{res}        15         52         70         72         36         12          9          8          1          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       275 
{txt}      2012 {c |}{res}         0         15         94         79         77         40         11          9          2          2          4 {txt}{c |}{res}       333 
{txt}      2013 {c |}{res}         0          0         36         95        106         54         41         16          4         10          3 {txt}{c |}{res}       365 
{txt}      2014 {c |}{res}         0          0          0         32        104         72         59         18          6          5          2 {txt}{c |}{res}       298 
{txt}      2015 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0         26         84         62         33         20         12          2 {txt}{c |}{res}       239 
{txt}      2016 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0         26         65         44         38         20          5 {txt}{c |}{res}       198 
{txt}      2017 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0          0         21         72         35         42         20 {txt}{c |}{res}       190 
{txt}      2018 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0          0          0         15         69         39         33 {txt}{c |}{res}       156 
{txt}      2019 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0         12         50         41 {txt}{c |}{res}       103 
{txt}      2020 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0         13         53 {txt}{c |}{res}        66 
{txt}      2021 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0         11 {txt}{c |}{res}        11 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 121}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}       251        283        321        342        380        309        274        219        191        197        174 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,941 
{txt}
{com}. gen time_to_appeal= DateFiledinCOA-FilingDate_DCT
{txt}(73,943 missing values generated)

{com}. histogram time_to_appeal, bin(25) percent
{txt}(bin={res}25{txt}, start={res}6{txt}, width={res}258.28{txt})
{res}{txt}
{com}. // This historgram provides a quick view of the distribution of time to appeal.
. 
. summarize time_to_appeal

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
time_to_ap~l {c |}{res}      2,941    942.1081    729.9499          6       6463
{txt}
{com}. summarize time_to_appeal if Case_Filed_Year >2010 & Case_Filed_Year<2017

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
time_to_ap~l {c |}{res}      1,708    812.9783    546.6057         22       3590
{txt}
{com}. // Summary data on time to appeal 
. 
. 
. tab Case_Filed_Year dataset_CAFC_docket

{txt}Case_Filed {c |}  dataset_CAFC_docket
     _Year {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
      2000 {c |}{res}     2,283          5 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,288 
{txt}      2001 {c |}{res}     2,379          4 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,383 
{txt}      2002 {c |}{res}     2,473          9 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,482 
{txt}      2003 {c |}{res}     2,664         13 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,677 
{txt}      2004 {c |}{res}     2,702         22 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,724 
{txt}      2005 {c |}{res}     2,454         24 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,478 
{txt}      2006 {c |}{res}     2,522         49 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,571 
{txt}      2007 {c |}{res}     2,652         90 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,742 
{txt}      2008 {c |}{res}     2,432         90 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,522 
{txt}      2009 {c |}{res}     2,324        174 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,498 
{txt}      2010 {c |}{res}     2,485        227 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,712 
{txt}      2011 {c |}{res}     3,251        275 {txt}{c |}{res}     3,526 
{txt}      2012 {c |}{res}     5,082        333 {txt}{c |}{res}     5,415 
{txt}      2013 {c |}{res}     5,793        365 {txt}{c |}{res}     6,158 
{txt}      2014 {c |}{res}     4,747        298 {txt}{c |}{res}     5,045 
{txt}      2015 {c |}{res}     5,548        239 {txt}{c |}{res}     5,787 
{txt}      2016 {c |}{res}     4,319        198 {txt}{c |}{res}     4,517 
{txt}      2017 {c |}{res}     3,839        190 {txt}{c |}{res}     4,029 
{txt}      2018 {c |}{res}     3,440        156 {txt}{c |}{res}     3,596 
{txt}      2019 {c |}{res}     3,462        103 {txt}{c |}{res}     3,565 
{txt}      2020 {c |}{res}     3,889         66 {txt}{c |}{res}     3,955 
{txt}      2021 {c |}{res}     2,691         11 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,702 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    73,431      2,941 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. gen Years_to_Appeal = int(time_to_appeal / 365.25)
{txt}(73,943 missing values generated)

{com}. label define Years_to_Appeal 0 "0-1" 1 "1-2" 2 "2-3" 3 "3-4" 4 "4-5" 5 "5-6" 6 "6-7" 7 "7-8" 8 "8-9" 9 "9-10" 10 "10-11" 11 "11-12" 12 "12-13" 13 "13-14+" 16 "16-17" 17 "17-18"
{txt}
{com}. label val Years_to_Appeal Years_to_Appeal
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Years_to_Appeal

{txt}Years_to_Ap {c |}
       peal {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
        0-1 {c |}{res}        619       21.05       21.05
{txt}        1-2 {c |}{res}        759       25.81       46.85
{txt}        2-3 {c |}{res}        631       21.46       68.31
{txt}        3-4 {c |}{res}        410       13.94       82.25
{txt}        4-5 {c |}{res}        223        7.58       89.83
{txt}        5-6 {c |}{res}        105        3.57       93.40
{txt}        6-7 {c |}{res}         85        2.89       96.29
{txt}        7-8 {c |}{res}         41        1.39       97.69
{txt}        8-9 {c |}{res}         24        0.82       98.50
{txt}       9-10 {c |}{res}         17        0.58       99.08
{txt}      10-11 {c |}{res}         10        0.34       99.42
{txt}      11-12 {c |}{res}          9        0.31       99.73
{txt}      12-13 {c |}{res}          4        0.14       99.86
{txt}     13-14+ {c |}{res}          2        0.07       99.93
{txt}      16-17 {c |}{res}          1        0.03       99.97
{txt}      17-18 {c |}{res}          1        0.03      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      2,941      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Case_Filed_Year Years_to_Appeal // This table provides the data used in Table 1 of the paper.

{txt}Case_Filed {c |}                                                                           Years_to_Appeal
     _Year {c |}       0-1        1-2        2-3        3-4        4-5        5-6        6-7        7-8        8-9       9-10      10-11      11-12      12-13     13-14+      16-17 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 165}{c +}{hline 10}
      2000 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          1          2          1          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         5 
{txt}      2001 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          2          1          1          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         4 
{txt}      2002 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          1          3          1          3          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         9 
{txt}      2003 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0          0          0          5          6          1          1          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        13 
{txt}      2004 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0          0          6          9          3          3          0          0          1          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        22 
{txt}      2005 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0          5          7          3          2          4          2          0          0          1          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        24 
{txt}      2006 {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0         11         17          9          4          4          2          0          2          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        49 
{txt}      2007 {c |}{res}         0          0          0         17         35         24         10          3          0          0          1          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        90 
{txt}      2008 {c |}{res}         0          0         23         29         19         10          6          1          1          0          0          1          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        90 
{txt}      2009 {c |}{res}         0         35         57         37         14         12          9          5          1          0          3          1          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       174 
{txt}      2010 {c |}{res}        31         57         62         43         16          8          6          1          2          1          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       227 
{txt}      2011 {c |}{res}        39         62         82         53         19          5         10          4          1          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       275 
{txt}      2012 {c |}{res}        62         96         66         68         17         11          5          3          2          3          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       333 
{txt}      2013 {c |}{res}        76        116         78         40         33          6         12          3          1          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       365 
{txt}      2014 {c |}{res}        80         97         80         24         10          3          4          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       298 
{txt}      2015 {c |}{res}        67         69         58         18         23          3          1          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       239 
{txt}      2016 {c |}{res}        58         55         43         26         15          1          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       198 
{txt}      2017 {c |}{res}        67         47         31         34         11          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       190 
{txt}      2018 {c |}{res}        46         63         26         21          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       156 
{txt}      2019 {c |}{res}        37         41         25          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       103 
{txt}      2020 {c |}{res}        45         21          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        66 
{txt}      2021 {c |}{res}        11          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        11 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 165}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}       619        759        631        410        223        105         85         41         24         17         10          9          4          2          1 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,941 


           {txt}{c |} Years_to_A
Case_Filed {c |}   ppeal
     _Year {c |}     17-18 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 10}
      2000 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}         5 
{txt}      2001 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}         4 
{txt}      2002 {c |}{res}         1 {txt}{c |}{res}         9 
{txt}      2003 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}        13 
{txt}      2004 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}        22 
{txt}      2005 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}        24 
{txt}      2006 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}        49 
{txt}      2007 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}        90 
{txt}      2008 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}        90 
{txt}      2009 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}       174 
{txt}      2010 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}       227 
{txt}      2011 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}       275 
{txt}      2012 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}       333 
{txt}      2013 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}       365 
{txt}      2014 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}       298 
{txt}      2015 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}       239 
{txt}      2016 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}       198 
{txt}      2017 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}       190 
{txt}      2018 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}       156 
{txt}      2019 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}       103 
{txt}      2020 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}        66 
{txt}      2021 {c |}{res}         0 {txt}{c |}{res}        11 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}         1 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,941 
{txt}
{com}. 
. save "District court cases and first appeals", replace
{txt}{p 0 4 2}
file {bf}
District court cases and first appeals.dta{rm}
saved
{p_end}

{com}. 
. erase "CAFC docket dataset - temp.dta"
{txt}
{com}. 
. ////////////////////////////
> 
. // Step 2: Merge the first appeal dataset into the appeal document dataset
. 
. use "appeals 2022-04-06.dta", clear
{txt}
{com}. 
. keep if docType=="Rule 36" | docType=="Opinion" // Note that this necessarily drops decisions in Misc Dockets because these are decided by orders not by opinions or summary affirmances. 
{txt}(7,133 observations deleted)

{com}. keep if origin=="DCT"
{txt}(8,233 observations deleted)

{com}. keep if Replaced==""
{txt}(57 observations deleted)

{com}. keep if year>2010 // Docket dataset begins in 2011, so we only need decisions after that. 
{txt}(1,071 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. drop if uniqueID==30275 | uniqueID==28919 | uniqueID==27341
{txt}(1 observation deleted)

{com}. 
. duplicates report Appeal_Dockets //data is unique with respect to the Appeal Dockets field at this point - but remember that because a single decision can have multiple appeal dockets, the Appeal_Dockets field needs to be reshaped long. 

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} Appeal_Dockets{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}2129             0
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. 
. keep uniqueID docDate origin Appeal_Dockets year DisputeType DispGeneral Appellant_Type_Primary Appellant_Type_Cross docType PrecedentialStatus CloudLink // Limiting the dataset to key fields improves computation speed. 
{txt}
{com}. 
. split Appeal_Dockets, parse(;) gen(Appeal_Dockets_)
{res}variables created as string: 
{txt}{col 1}Appeal_Do~_1{col 15}Appeal_Do~_3{col 29}Appeal_Do~_5{col 43}Appeal_Do~_7{col 57}Appeal_Do~_9{col 71}Appeal_Do~11{col 85}Appeal_Do~13{col 99}Appeal_Do~15{col 113}Appeal_Do~17{col 127}Appeal_Do~19{col 141}Appeal_Do~21
{col 1}Appeal_Do~_2{col 15}Appeal_Do~_4{col 29}Appeal_Do~_6{col 43}Appeal_Do~_8{col 57}Appeal_Do~10{col 71}Appeal_Do~12{col 85}Appeal_Do~14{col 99}Appeal_Do~16{col 113}Appeal_Do~18{col 127}Appeal_Do~20{col 141}Appeal_Do~22

{com}. reshape long Appeal_Dockets_, i(uniqueID) j(new_var)
{txt}(j = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22)

Data{col 36}Wide{col 43}->{col 48}Long
{hline 77}
Number of observations     {res}       2,129   {txt}->   {res}46,838      
{txt}Number of variables        {res}          34   {txt}->   {res}14          
{txt}j variable (22 values)                    ->   {res}new_var
{txt}xij variables:
{res}Appeal_Dockets_1 Appeal_Dockets_2 ... Appeal_Dockets_22{txt}->{res}Appeal_Dockets_
{txt}{hline 77}

{com}. 
. drop if Appeal_Dockets_ == ""
{txt}(43,600 observations deleted)

{com}. drop new_var
{txt}
{com}. 
. // Data is now long with respect to Appeal_Dockets.  
. 
. rename Appeal_Dockets_ Appeal_Docket // Each record is now a single appeal docket
{res}{txt}
{com}. replace Appeal_Docket = strtrim(Appeal_Docket)
{txt}(22 real changes made)

{com}. 
. duplicates report Appeal_Docket // There are two duplicate appeal dockets in this set.

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} Appeal_Docket{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}3234             0
        {txt}2 {c |}            {res}4             2
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. duplicates drop Appeal_Docket, force

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} Appeal_Docket{p_end}

{txt}(2 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. //data is now unique with respect to Appeal Dockets.  Each Appeal Docket is one record. Note that multiple appeal dockets can be associated with a single uniqueID (document)
. 
. save "CAFC decisions temp for merge.dta", replace
{txt}{p 0 4 2}
(file {bf}
CAFC decisions temp for merge.dta{rm}
not found)
{p_end}
{p 0 4 2}
file {bf}
CAFC decisions temp for merge.dta{rm}
saved
{p_end}

{com}. 
. use "District court cases and first appeals", clear // This is the dataset of appeal dockets that was merged with the Stanford dataset above. 
{txt}
{com}. 
. keep if dataset_CAFC==1 // At this stage we are only working with Stanford dataset records that matched to an appeal docket. 
{txt}(73,431 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. duplicates report Appeal_Docket // verification that data is unique with respect to Appeal_Docket

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} Appeal_Docket{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}3453             0
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. 
. merge 1:1 Appeal_Docket using "CAFC decisions temp for merge.dta" // This merges the Appeal Docket dataset with the decisions dataset using the Appeal Docket number. The resulting matches provide the figure cited in II.C. (rate of appeal dockets to appellate decisions for first-appeal dataset)
{res}{txt}{p 0 7 2}
(variable
{bf:Appeal_Docket} was {bf:str10}, now {bf:str11} to accommodate using data's values)
{p_end}

{col 5}Result{col 33}Number of obs
{col 5}{hline 41}
{col 5}Not matched{col 30}{res}           2,481
{txt}{col 9}from master{col 30}{res}           1,349{txt}  (_merge==1)
{col 9}from using{col 30}{res}           1,132{txt}  (_merge==2)

{col 5}Matched{col 30}{res}           2,104{txt}  (_merge==3)
{col 5}{hline 41}

{com}. 
. // Explanation of why some Appeal Dockets to not match to a decision and vice versa:
. //              - master are records that are in the CAFC appeal docket dataset but that are not in the appeal decisions dataset
. //              - using are records that are in the appeal decisions dataset but not in the docket dataset
. //              - matches are records found in both datasets
. 
. //  Records from dockets dataset that do not match to a record in the decisions dataset: Not all appeals result in a decision on the merits. Past estimates suggest that only about 60% of appeals result in a decision. In addition, many appeals filed in 2020 and 2021 had not yet resulted in a decision as of the date the decisions dataset. 
. 
. // Records from the decisions dataset that do not match to a record in the docket dataset: The primary reason for these non-matching records is that we removed all the subsequent Appeal Dockets for each civil action because this is a set of first appeals only. In addition, there are decisions on Appeal Dockets that were filed before 2011. 
. 
. // looking just at the matches by Appeal Docket. Again, this is the earliest appeal filed. In other words, who appealed first. In addition, because these are just appeals with a single appeal docketed, there are necessarily no cross appellants. 
. 
. keep if _merge==3 // This keeps only appeal dockets that are present in both the dockets and decisions dataset. 
{txt}(2,481 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. duplicates report CivilAction district_id

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} CivilAction district_id{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}2104             0
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. // The dataset is now unique with respect to Civil Actions. 
. 
. duplicates report uniqueID 

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} uniqueID{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}1493             0
        {txt}2 {c |}          {res}220           110
        {txt}3 {c |}           {res}87            58
        {txt}4 {c |}           {res}64            48
        {txt}5 {c |}           {res}60            48
        {txt}6 {c |}           {res}12            10
        {txt}7 {c |}           {res}14            12
        {txt}8 {c |}           {res}16            14
        {txt}9 {c |}           {res}54            48
       {txt}10 {c |}           {res}20            18
       {txt}12 {c |}           {res}24            22
       {txt}19 {c |}           {res}19            18
       {txt}21 {c |}           {res}21            20
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. // However, it is not unique with respect to opinions. In other words, multiple appeal dockets may be decided by a single opinion (and are)
. 
. tab dataset_Stanford

{txt}dataset_Sta {c |}
      nford {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}        189        8.98        8.98
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}      1,915       91.02      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      2,104      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // This table indicates the portion of appeal dockets that matched to a decision that have a corresponding civil action in the Stanford dataset.
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary if DisputeType=="Patent infringement" & dataset_Stanford==1

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}
            imary {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        372       20.67       20.67
{txt}            Other {c |}{res}          9        0.50       21.17
{txt} Patent applicant {c |}{res}          1        0.06       21.22
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}      1,418       78.78      100.00
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
            Total {c |}{res}      1,800      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // General contextual information on the composition of the data.
. 
. keep if dataset_Stanford==1 // Only going to keep records that have a corresponding civil action in the Stanford dataset for the rest of the analysis. 
{txt}(189 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. keep CivilAction district_id PACER_ID Year_Appeal_Filed DateFiledinCOA Appeal_Docket case_node_id FilingDate_DCT DJ AsserterCategory uniqueID docDate year origin Appeal_Dockets DisputeType DispGeneral Appellant_Type_Primary Appellant_Type_Cross docType Case_Filed_Year PrecedentialStatus // These are the key fields. 
{txt}
{com}. 
. // Next, data is reshaped wide so that the record unit is a Federal Circuit decision. 
. sort uniqueID docDate
{txt}
{com}. quietly by uniqueID: gen dup = cond(_N==1,0,_n)
{txt}
{com}. replace dup = dup-1 if dup!=0
{txt}(584 real changes made)

{com}. 
. duplicates tag uniqueID, gen(dockets_n)

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} uniqueID{p_end}
{txt}
{com}. replace dockets_n = dockets_n + 1
{txt}(1,915 real changes made)

{com}. 
. reshape wide CivilAction district_id PACER_ID Year_Appeal_Filed DateFiledinCOA Appeal_Docket case_node_id FilingDate_DCT DJ AsserterCategory Case_Filed_Year, i(uniqueID) j(dup)
{txt}(j = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18)

Data{col 36}Long{col 43}->{col 48}Wide
{hline 77}
Number of observations     {res}       1,915   {txt}->   {res}1,508       
{txt}Number of variables        {res}          24   {txt}->   {res}221         
{txt}j variable (19 values)              {res}dup   {txt}->   (dropped)
xij variables:
                            {res}CivilAction   {txt}->   {res}CivilAction0 CivilAction1 ... CivilAction18
                            district_id   {txt}->   {res}district_id0 district_id1 ... district_id18
                               PACER_ID   {txt}->   {res}PACER_ID0 PACER_ID1 ... PACER_ID18
                      Year_Appeal_Filed   {txt}->   {res}Year_Appeal_Filed0 Year_Appeal_Filed1 ... Year_Appeal_Filed18
                         DateFiledinCOA   {txt}->   {res}DateFiledinCOA0 DateFiledinCOA1 ... DateFiledinCOA18
                          Appeal_Docket   {txt}->   {res}Appeal_Docket0 Appeal_Docket1 ... Appeal_Docket18
                           case_node_id   {txt}->   {res}case_node_id0 case_node_id1 ... case_node_id18
                         FilingDate_DCT   {txt}->   {res}FilingDate_DCT0 FilingDate_DCT1 ... FilingDate_DCT18
                                     DJ   {txt}->   {res}DJ0 DJ1 ... DJ18
                       AsserterCategory   {txt}->   {res}AsserterCategory0 AsserterCategory1 ... AsserterCategory18
                        Case_Filed_Year   {txt}->   {res}Case_Filed_Year0 Case_Filed_Year1 ... Case_Filed_Year18
{txt}{hline 77}

{com}. 
. duplicates report uniqueID

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} uniqueID{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}1508             0
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. // Documents are now unique with respect to Federal Circuit decisions.
. 
. tab dockets_n

  {txt}dockets_n {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}      1,331       88.26       88.26
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}        104        6.90       95.16
{txt}          3 {c |}{res}         31        2.06       97.21
{txt}          4 {c |}{res}         13        0.86       98.08
{txt}          5 {c |}{res}         11        0.73       98.81
{txt}          6 {c |}{res}          2        0.13       98.94
{txt}          7 {c |}{res}          3        0.20       99.14
{txt}          8 {c |}{res}          2        0.13       99.27
{txt}          9 {c |}{res}          5        0.33       99.60
{txt}         10 {c |}{res}          2        0.13       99.73
{txt}         12 {c |}{res}          2        0.13       99.87
{txt}         19 {c |}{res}          2        0.13      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,508      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // This shows the number of unique appeal dockets associated with each Federal Circuit decision. (Remember that appeals are unique with respect to Civil Actions.)
. // In general, the number of unique Civil Actions per decision is relatively low as compared to the number of appeal dockets per appellate decision (calculated below). In other words, even though a single appellate decision might decide lots of docketed appeals, it's not necessarily deciding lots of civil actions.  Only about 11% of these patent infringement appellate decisions are actually deciding multiple civil actions.  
. 
. // Assessing whether there are differences in the Stanford asserter category between the first and second civil actions decided by appeals involving multiple civil actions. 
. gen MultipleCivilActions = 1 if CivilAction1!=""
{txt}(1,331 missing values generated)

{com}. gen Agreement = 1 if AsserterCategory0 == AsserterCategory1 & MultipleCivilActions == 1
{txt}(1,342 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Agreement = 0 if Agreement!= 1 & MultipleCivilActions==1
{txt}(11 real changes made)

{com}. tab Agreement

  {txt}Agreement {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}         11        6.21        6.21
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        166       93.79      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        177      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // Comparing the Asserter Category coding for the first two civil actions in multi-civil action decisions, almost all (94%) have identical asserter category coding.  
. 
. // Note that the dataset at this stage (first appeals after 2010 with decisions) is not saved because it is not employed in subsequent analyses. 
. 
. 
. ////////////////////////////////
> 
. 
. // Step 3: Repeating the appeal docket to appellate decision merge for only civil actions filed between 2011 and 2016.
. 
. use "District court cases and first appeals", clear
{txt}
{com}. 
. duplicates report Appeal_Docket

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} Appeal_Docket{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}3453             0
    {txt}73431 {c |}        {res}73431         73430
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. 
. keep if dataset_CAFC==1
{txt}(73,431 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. keep if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 // This is just going to be for cases filed 2011-2016.
{txt}(1,745 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. merge 1:1 Appeal_Docket using "CAFC decisions temp for merge.dta" 
{res}{txt}{p 0 7 2}
(variable
{bf:Appeal_Docket} was {bf:str10}, now {bf:str11} to accommodate using data's values)
{p_end}

{col 5}Result{col 33}Number of obs
{col 5}{hline 41}
{col 5}Not matched{col 30}{res}           2,634
{txt}{col 9}from master{col 30}{res}             553{txt}  (_merge==1)
{col 9}from using{col 30}{res}           2,081{txt}  (_merge==2)

{col 5}Matched{col 30}{res}           1,155{txt}  (_merge==3)
{col 5}{hline 41}

{com}. 
. duplicates report CivilAction district_id

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} CivilAction district_id{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}1708             0
     {txt}2081 {c |}         {res}2081          2080
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. 
. keep if _merge==3
{txt}(2,634 observations deleted)

{com}. drop _merge
{txt}
{com}. 
. save "Civil Actions to Appellate decisions - first appeals (by docket) (2011-2016 cases).dta", replace // This saves a copy of the data with the appeal docket as the record unit.
{txt}{p 0 4 2}
file {bf}
Civil Actions to Appellate decisions - first appeals (by docket) (2011-2016 cases).dta{rm}
saved
{p_end}

{com}. 
. duplicates report uniqueID 

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} uniqueID{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}          {res}731             0
        {txt}2 {c |}          {res}128            64
        {txt}3 {c |}           {res}75            50
        {txt}4 {c |}           {res}40            30
        {txt}5 {c |}           {res}40            32
        {txt}6 {c |}            {res}6             5
        {txt}7 {c |}           {res}21            18
        {txt}8 {c |}           {res}24            21
        {txt}9 {c |}           {res}18            16
       {txt}10 {c |}           {res}10             9
       {txt}12 {c |}           {res}24            22
       {txt}19 {c |}           {res}38            36
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. 
. tab dataset_Stanford if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

{txt}dataset_Sta {c |}
      nford {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. duplicates report uniqueID if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_Stanford==1

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} uniqueID{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}          {res}731             0
        {txt}2 {c |}          {res}128            64
        {txt}3 {c |}           {res}75            50
        {txt}4 {c |}           {res}40            30
        {txt}5 {c |}           {res}40            32
        {txt}6 {c |}            {res}6             5
        {txt}7 {c |}           {res}21            18
        {txt}8 {c |}           {res}24            21
        {txt}9 {c |}           {res}18            16
       {txt}10 {c |}           {res}10             9
       {txt}12 {c |}           {res}24            22
       {txt}19 {c |}           {res}38            36
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. 
. tab dataset_Stanford

{txt}dataset_Sta {c |}
      nford {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary if DisputeType=="Patent infringement" & dataset_Stanford==1

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}
            imary {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        214       19.65       19.65
{txt}            Other {c |}{res}          3        0.28       19.93
{txt} Patent applicant {c |}{res}          1        0.09       20.02
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        871       79.98      100.00
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
            Total {c |}{res}      1,089      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. keep if dataset_Stanford==1  
{txt}(0 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. keep CivilAction district_id PACER_ID Year_Appeal_Filed DateFiledinCOA Appeal_Docket case_node_id FilingDate_DCT DJ AsserterCategory uniqueID docDate year origin Appeal_Dockets DisputeType DispGeneral Appellant_Type_Primary Appellant_Type_Cross docType Case_Filed_Year PrecedentialStatus
{txt}
{com}. 
. sort uniqueID docDate
{txt}
{com}. quietly by uniqueID: gen dup = cond(_N==1,0,_n)
{txt}
{com}. replace dup = dup-1 if dup!=0
{txt}(424 real changes made)

{com}. 
. duplicates tag uniqueID, gen(dockets_n)

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} uniqueID{p_end}
{txt}
{com}. replace dockets_n = dockets_n + 1
{txt}(1,155 real changes made)

{com}. 
. reshape wide CivilAction district_id PACER_ID Year_Appeal_Filed DateFiledinCOA Appeal_Docket case_node_id FilingDate_DCT DJ AsserterCategory Case_Filed_Year, i(Appeal_Dockets) j(dup)
{txt}(j = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18)

Data{col 36}Long{col 43}->{col 48}Wide
{hline 77}
Number of observations     {res}       1,155   {txt}->   {res}852         
{txt}Number of variables        {res}          24   {txt}->   {res}221         
{txt}j variable (19 values)              {res}dup   {txt}->   (dropped)
xij variables:
                            {res}CivilAction   {txt}->   {res}CivilAction0 CivilAction1 ... CivilAction18
                            district_id   {txt}->   {res}district_id0 district_id1 ... district_id18
                               PACER_ID   {txt}->   {res}PACER_ID0 PACER_ID1 ... PACER_ID18
                      Year_Appeal_Filed   {txt}->   {res}Year_Appeal_Filed0 Year_Appeal_Filed1 ... Year_Appeal_Filed18
                         DateFiledinCOA   {txt}->   {res}DateFiledinCOA0 DateFiledinCOA1 ... DateFiledinCOA18
                          Appeal_Docket   {txt}->   {res}Appeal_Docket0 Appeal_Docket1 ... Appeal_Docket18
                           case_node_id   {txt}->   {res}case_node_id0 case_node_id1 ... case_node_id18
                         FilingDate_DCT   {txt}->   {res}FilingDate_DCT0 FilingDate_DCT1 ... FilingDate_DCT18
                                     DJ   {txt}->   {res}DJ0 DJ1 ... DJ18
                       AsserterCategory   {txt}->   {res}AsserterCategory0 AsserterCategory1 ... AsserterCategory18
                        Case_Filed_Year   {txt}->   {res}Case_Filed_Year0 Case_Filed_Year1 ... Case_Filed_Year18
{txt}{hline 77}

{com}. 
. tab dockets_n

  {txt}dockets_n {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}        731       85.80       85.80
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}         64        7.51       93.31
{txt}          3 {c |}{res}         25        2.93       96.24
{txt}          4 {c |}{res}         10        1.17       97.42
{txt}          5 {c |}{res}          8        0.94       98.36
{txt}          6 {c |}{res}          1        0.12       98.47
{txt}          7 {c |}{res}          3        0.35       98.83
{txt}          8 {c |}{res}          3        0.35       99.18
{txt}          9 {c |}{res}          2        0.23       99.41
{txt}         10 {c |}{res}          1        0.12       99.53
{txt}         12 {c |}{res}          2        0.23       99.77
{txt}         19 {c |}{res}          2        0.23      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        852      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. save "Civil Actions to Appellate decisions - first appeals (by document) (2011-2016 cases).dta", replace // This saves a copy of the dataset of cases filed in 2011-2016 with the appellate decision as the record unit. 
{txt}{p 0 4 2}
file {bf}
Civil Actions to Appellate decisions - first appeals (by document) (2011-2016 cases).dta{rm}
saved
{p_end}

{com}. 
. 
. *************************
. /* Creation of the "all appeals" dataset */
. *************************
. 
. // STEP 1: Creation of the first appeal filed docket dataset
. 
. use "CAFC Docket Dataset with formatted cv numbers 2011-2021.dta", clear
{txt}
{com}. 
. keep if origin=="DCT" & Misc_Docket!=1 & Year_Appeal_Filed > 2010
{txt}(27,081 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. keep PACER_ID Docket_Title DateFiledinCOA Appeal_Docket district_id CivilAction // We are going to keep the data simple for this merge
{txt}
{com}. 
. save "CAFC docket dataset - temp.dta", replace
{txt}{p 0 4 2}
(file {bf}
CAFC docket dataset - temp.dta{rm}
not found)
{p_end}
{p 0 4 2}
file {bf}
CAFC docket dataset - temp.dta{rm}
saved
{p_end}

{com}. 
. 
. ////////////////////////////
> 
. // Step 2: Merge the first appeal dataset into the appeal document dataset
. 
. use "Stanford Dataset with district_id.dta", clear
{txt}
{com}. 
. duplicates report district_id CivilAction // Validating that records are unique with respect to these fields

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} district_id CivilAction{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}        {res}76372             0
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. 
. merge 1:m district_id CivilAction using "CAFC docket dataset - temp.dta" // This is a one-to-many merge because a single civil action at the district court can have multiple appeals. 
{res}
{txt}{col 5}Result{col 33}Number of obs
{col 5}{hline 41}
{col 5}Not matched{col 30}{res}          74,044
{txt}{col 9}from master{col 30}{res}          73,431{txt}  (_merge==1)
{col 9}from using{col 30}{res}             613{txt}  (_merge==2)

{col 5}Matched{col 30}{res}           4,227{txt}  (_merge==3)
{col 5}{hline 41}

{com}. 
. // Note that because this is a 1 to many merge, the total number of records has increased.  Data is now unique with respect to Civil Action + district id + PACER_ID.  Because of this, do not directly make comparisons to the entire population of filed cases and appeals. Remember that each appeal docket (PACER_ID) continues to be associated with only one Civil Action + district ID
. 
. keep if _merge==3 // These are records that are in both the Stanford dataset and the appeal docket dataset
{txt}(74,044 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. drop _merge
{txt}
{com}. 
. save "all district court dockets merge - temp.dta", replace
{txt}{p 0 4 2}
(file {bf}
all district court dockets merge - temp.dta{rm}
not found)
{p_end}
{p 0 4 2}
file {bf}
all district court dockets merge - temp.dta{rm}
saved
{p_end}

{com}. 
. ////////////////////////////
> 
. // Step 3: Analysis of civil actions with multiple appeals
. 
. sort district_id CivilAction
{txt}
{com}. quietly by district_id CivilAction: gen dup = cond(_N==1,0,_n)
{txt}
{com}. replace dup = dup-1 if dup!=0
{txt}(2,138 real changes made)

{com}. 
. gen Count = 1
{txt}
{com}. 
. keep CivilAction district_id DateFiledinCOA Appeal_Docket dup Count
{txt}
{com}. 
. reshape wide Appeal_Docket DateFiledinCOA Count, i(CivilAction district_id) j(dup) // This makes the record unit a civil actions.
{txt}(j = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Data{col 36}Long{col 43}->{col 48}Wide
{hline 77}
Number of observations     {res}       4,227   {txt}->   {res}2,941       
{txt}Number of variables        {res}           6   {txt}->   {res}35          
{txt}j variable (11 values)              {res}dup   {txt}->   (dropped)
xij variables:
                          {res}Appeal_Docket   {txt}->   {res}Appeal_Docket0 Appeal_Docket1 ... Appeal_Docket10
                         DateFiledinCOA   {txt}->   {res}DateFiledinCOA0 DateFiledinCOA1 ... DateFiledinCOA10
                                  Count   {txt}->   {res}Count0 Count1 ... Count10
{txt}{hline 77}

{com}. 
. tab Count0 if Count1!=1 // This indicates how many civil actions are associated with only a single appeal

    {txt}0 Count {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}      2,089      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      2,089      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab Count1 // This indicates how many civil actions are associated with 2 or more appeals. 

    {txt}1 Count {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}        852      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        852      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. reshape long DateFiledinCOA Appeal_Docket Count, i(CivilAction district_id) j(num)
{txt}(j = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Data{col 36}Wide{col 43}->{col 48}Long
{hline 77}
Number of observations     {res}       2,941   {txt}->   {res}32,351      
{txt}Number of variables        {res}          35   {txt}->   {res}6           
{txt}j variable (11 values)                    ->   {res}num
{txt}xij variables:
{res}DateFiledinCOA0 DateFiledinCOA1 ... DateFiledinCOA10{txt}->{res}DateFiledinCOA
Appeal_Docket0 Appeal_Docket1 ... Appeal_Docket10{txt}->{res}Appeal_Docket
              Count0 Count1 ... Count10   {txt}->   {res}Count
{txt}{hline 77}

{com}. drop if Count!=1
{txt}(28,124 observations deleted)

{com}. drop num
{txt}
{com}. 
. sort district_id CivilAction DateFiledinCOA
{txt}
{com}. quietly by district_id CivilAction DateFiledinCOA: gen dup = cond(_N==1,0,_n)
{txt}
{com}. replace dup = dup-1 if dup!=0
{txt}(428 real changes made)

{com}. 
. reshape wide Appeal_Docket Count, i(CivilAction district_id DateFiledinCOA) j(dup) // This makes the record unit a civil action with appeals filed on the same day.
{txt}(j = 0 1 2 3 4 5)

Data{col 36}Long{col 43}->{col 48}Wide
{hline 77}
Number of observations     {res}       4,227   {txt}->   {res}3,994       
{txt}Number of variables        {res}           6   {txt}->   {res}15          
{txt}j variable (6 values)               {res}dup   {txt}->   (dropped)
xij variables:
                          {res}Appeal_Docket   {txt}->   {res}Appeal_Docket0 Appeal_Docket1 ... Appeal_Docket5
                                  Count   {txt}->   {res}Count0 Count1 ... Count5
{txt}{hline 77}

{com}. 
. tab Count1 // This indicates how many civil actions are associated with 2 or more appeals filed on the same day. 

    {txt}1 Count {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}        195      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        195      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. use "all district court dockets merge - temp.dta", clear
{txt}
{com}. 
. duplicates drop CivilAction district_id DateFiledinCOA, force // Dropping cases with multiple appeals filed on the same day.

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} CivilAction district_id DateFiledinCOA{p_end}

{txt}(233 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. duplicates report CivilAction district_id

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} CivilAction district_id{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}2180             0
        {txt}2 {c |}         {res}1130           565
        {txt}3 {c |}          {res}411           274
        {txt}4 {c |}          {res}148           111
        {txt}5 {c |}           {res}80            64
        {txt}6 {c |}           {res}12            10
        {txt}7 {c |}           {res}14            12
        {txt}8 {c |}            {res}8             7
       {txt}11 {c |}           {res}11            10
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. 
. keep if Case_Filed_Year >2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 // This gives us 2281 unique appeals across 1708 civil actions filed in 2011-2016 (excluding appeals in the same civil action that were filed on the same day)
{txt}(1,713 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. duplicates report Appeal_Docket // This indicates the number of unique Appeal Dockets in the dataset

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} Appeal_Docket{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}2281             0
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. sort district_id CivilAction
{txt}
{com}. quietly by district_id CivilAction: gen dup = cond(_N==1,0,_n)
{txt}
{com}. replace dup = dup-1 if dup!=0
{txt}(1,008 real changes made)

{com}. 
. tab dup // This indicates the number of unique civil actions in this dataset

        {txt}dup {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,708       74.88       74.88
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        435       19.07       93.95
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}         97        4.25       98.20
{txt}          3 {c |}{res}         26        1.14       99.34
{txt}          4 {c |}{res}          8        0.35       99.69
{txt}          5 {c |}{res}          2        0.09       99.78
{txt}          6 {c |}{res}          1        0.04       99.82
{txt}          7 {c |}{res}          1        0.04       99.87
{txt}          8 {c |}{res}          1        0.04       99.91
{txt}          9 {c |}{res}          1        0.04       99.96
{txt}         10 {c |}{res}          1        0.04      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      2,281      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. drop dup
{txt}
{com}. 
. save "civil action to appeal dockets - all appeals (2011-2016).dta", replace // Note data is unique with respect to appeal dockets and is limited to cases filed between 2010 and 2017.
{txt}{p 0 4 2}
file {bf}
civil action to appeal dockets - all appeals (2011-2016).dta{rm}
saved
{p_end}

{com}. 
. erase "all district court dockets merge - temp.dta"
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. ////////////////////////////
> 
. // Step 4: Merge with decisions dataset
. 
. use "appeals 2022-04-06.dta", clear
{txt}
{com}. 
. keep if docType=="Rule 36" | docType=="Opinion"
{txt}(7,133 observations deleted)

{com}. keep if origin=="DCT"
{txt}(8,233 observations deleted)

{com}. keep if Replaced==""
{txt}(57 observations deleted)

{com}. keep if year>2010 // Docket dataset begins in 2011 and thus there would not be any decisions before 2011.
{txt}(1,071 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. drop if uniqueID==30275 | uniqueID==28919 | uniqueID==27341
{txt}(1 observation deleted)

{com}. 
. duplicates report Appeal_Dockets

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} Appeal_Dockets{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}2129             0
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. 
. keep uniqueID docDate origin Appeal_Dockets year DisputeType DispGeneral Appellant_Type_Primary Appellant_Type_Cross docType PrecedentialStatus CloudLink
{txt}
{com}. 
. split Appeal_Dockets, parse(;) gen(Appeal_Dockets_)
{res}variables created as string: 
{txt}{col 1}Appeal_Do~_1{col 15}Appeal_Do~_3{col 29}Appeal_Do~_5{col 43}Appeal_Do~_7{col 57}Appeal_Do~_9{col 71}Appeal_Do~11{col 85}Appeal_Do~13{col 99}Appeal_Do~15{col 113}Appeal_Do~17{col 127}Appeal_Do~19{col 141}Appeal_Do~21
{col 1}Appeal_Do~_2{col 15}Appeal_Do~_4{col 29}Appeal_Do~_6{col 43}Appeal_Do~_8{col 57}Appeal_Do~10{col 71}Appeal_Do~12{col 85}Appeal_Do~14{col 99}Appeal_Do~16{col 113}Appeal_Do~18{col 127}Appeal_Do~20{col 141}Appeal_Do~22

{com}. reshape long Appeal_Dockets_, i(uniqueID) j(new_var)
{txt}(j = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22)

Data{col 36}Wide{col 43}->{col 48}Long
{hline 77}
Number of observations     {res}       2,129   {txt}->   {res}46,838      
{txt}Number of variables        {res}          34   {txt}->   {res}14          
{txt}j variable (22 values)                    ->   {res}new_var
{txt}xij variables:
{res}Appeal_Dockets_1 Appeal_Dockets_2 ... Appeal_Dockets_22{txt}->{res}Appeal_Dockets_
{txt}{hline 77}

{com}. 
. drop if Appeal_Dockets_ == ""
{txt}(43,600 observations deleted)

{com}. drop new_var
{txt}
{com}. 
. // Data is now long with respect to Appeal_Dockets.  
. 
. rename Appeal_Dockets_ Appeal_Docket
{res}{txt}
{com}. replace Appeal_Docket = strtrim(Appeal_Docket)
{txt}(22 real changes made)

{com}. 
. duplicates report Appeal_Docket // There are two duplicate appeal dockets in this set.

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} Appeal_Docket{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}3234             0
        {txt}2 {c |}            {res}4             2
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. duplicates drop Appeal_Docket, force

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} Appeal_Docket{p_end}

{txt}(2 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. //data is now unique with respect to Appeal Dockets. 
. 
. save "CAFC decisions temp for merge.dta", replace
{txt}{p 0 4 2}
file {bf}
CAFC decisions temp for merge.dta{rm}
saved
{p_end}

{com}. 
. use "civil action to appeal dockets - all appeals (2011-2016).dta", clear
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen dataset_Stanford=1 if case_node_id!=.
{txt}
{com}. replace dataset_Stanford=0 if dataset_Stanford==.
{txt}(0 real changes made)

{com}. 
. merge 1:1 Appeal_Docket using "CAFC decisions temp for merge.dta"
{res}{txt}{p 0 7 2}
(variable
{bf:Appeal_Docket} was {bf:str10}, now {bf:str11} to accommodate using data's values)
{p_end}

{col 5}Result{col 33}Number of obs
{col 5}{hline 41}
{col 5}Not matched{col 30}{res}           2,505
{txt}{col 9}from master{col 30}{res}             775{txt}  (_merge==1)
{col 9}from using{col 30}{res}           1,730{txt}  (_merge==2)

{col 5}Matched{col 30}{res}           1,506{txt}  (_merge==3)
{col 5}{hline 41}

{com}. 
. // _Merge 1 records are docketed appeals in infringement actions that didn't (or haven't yet) result in a decision. This is 66% - about what we would expect. _merge 2 records are decisions from the decisions dataset that don't match to an appeal docket.  This is expected, as some appellate decisions will be for cases before or after the 2011-2016 time period, and some appellate decisions will be for civil actions that are not in the Stanford dataset. In addition, we dropped the subsequent appeals in a single civil action that were filed on the same day.  
. 
. tab dataset_Stanford, missing

{txt}dataset_Sta {c |}
      nford {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}      2,281       56.87       56.87
{txt}          . {c |}{res}      1,730       43.13      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      4,011      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. keep if _merge==3
{txt}(2,505 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. drop _merge
{txt}
{com}. 
. // How many appellate decisions decide multiple appeals but a single civil action number? 
. 
. duplicates report uniqueID

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} uniqueID{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}          {res}711             0
        {txt}2 {c |}          {res}354           177
        {txt}3 {c |}          {res}117            78
        {txt}4 {c |}           {res}64            48
        {txt}5 {c |}           {res}50            40
        {txt}6 {c |}           {res}24            20
        {txt}7 {c |}           {res}28            24
        {txt}8 {c |}           {res}32            28
        {txt}9 {c |}            {res}9             8
       {txt}10 {c |}           {res}20            18
       {txt}12 {c |}           {res}24            22
       {txt}17 {c |}           {res}17            16
       {txt}18 {c |}           {res}18            17
       {txt}19 {c |}           {res}38            36
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. // Lots of appellate decisions decide multiple appeals. (Remember that the record unit is an appeal docket)
. 
. duplicates report uniqueID CivilAction district_id

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} uniqueID CivilAction district_id{p_end}

{txt}{hline 10}{c TT}{hline 27}
   Copies {c |} Observations       Surplus
{hline 10}{c +}{hline 27}
        1 {c |}         {res}1125             0
        {txt}2 {c |}          {res}328           164
        {txt}3 {c |}           {res}39            26
        {txt}4 {c |}            {res}4             3
        {txt}5 {c |}           {res}10             8
{txt}{hline 10}{c BT}{hline 27}

{com}. // However, many fewer decisions involve multiple civil actions. (Remember that while the record unit is an appeal docket, a single civil action can have multiple appeal dockets.)
. // In other words, a substantial portion of the decisions (uniqueID) involve multiple appeals (Appeal_Docket) that arise from the same civil actions (district_id + CivilAction)
. 
. save "Civil Actions to Appellate decisions - all appeals (2011-2016).dta", replace
{txt}{p 0 4 2}
file {bf}
Civil Actions to Appellate decisions - all appeals (2011-2016).dta{rm}
saved
{p_end}

{com}. // Note that the record unit for this file is an appeal docket, not an appellate decision.
. 
. tab DisputeType

        {txt}DisputeType {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 20}{c +}{hline 35}
      Denial-Patent {c |}{res}          1        0.07        0.07
{txt}              Other {c |}{res}         90        6.00        6.06
{txt}Patent infringement {c |}{res}      1,410       93.94      100.00
{txt}{hline 20}{c +}{hline 35}
              Total {c |}{res}      1,501      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab Appellant_Type_Primary if DisputeType=="Patent infringement"

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}
            imary {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        337       23.99       23.99
{txt}            Other {c |}{res}          5        0.36       24.34
{txt} Patent applicant {c |}{res}          1        0.07       24.41
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}      1,062       75.59      100.00
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
            Total {c |}{res}      1,405      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // For contextual information
. 
. erase "CAFC decisions temp for merge.dta"
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. **************************************
. /*      Part III: Analysis of Data */
. **************************************
. 
. ////////////////////////////
> 
. // Part III.A: Frequency of appeals by patent asserter case type
. 
. use "District court cases and first appeals", clear // This is the "first appeals" dataset of civil actions, prior to merge with the decisions dataset.
{txt}
{com}. 
. keep if dataset_Stanford==1 // We will only be using appeal dockets that matched to a record in the Stanford dataset. 
{txt}(512 observations deleted)

{com}.  
. duplicates tag AsserterCategory, gen(AsserterCategory_n)

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} AsserterCategory{p_end}
{txt}
{com}. tab AsserterCategory if AsserterCategory_n > 100

      {txt}Asserter {c |}
      Category {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 15}{c +}{hline 35}
             1 {c |}{res}     19,072       25.34       25.34
{txt}            12 {c |}{res}        374        0.50       25.84
{txt}            13 {c |}{res}        242        0.32       26.16
{txt}          1; 4 {c |}{res}        476        0.63       26.80
{txt}          1; 8 {c |}{res}        375        0.50       27.29
{txt}             3 {c |}{res}        566        0.75       28.05
{txt}             4 {c |}{res}        351        0.47       28.51
{txt}             5 {c |}{res}      9,502       12.63       41.14
{txt}          5; 8 {c |}{res}        350        0.47       41.60
{txt}          5; 9 {c |}{res}        368        0.49       42.09
{txt}             6 {c |}{res}        364        0.48       42.58
{txt}          6; 8 {c |}{res}        495        0.66       43.23
{txt}             8 {c |}{res}     36,377       48.34       91.57
{txt}         8; 12 {c |}{res}        803        1.07       92.64
{txt}          8; 9 {c |}{res}      1,772        2.35       95.00
{txt}             9 {c |}{res}      3,765        5.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 15}{c +}{hline 35}
         Total {c |}{res}     75,252      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. /* There are a few multi-asserter categories that are very common in the Stanford dataset: 
> 1; 4 (Acquired patents + Corporate heritage)
> 1; 8 (Acquired patents + Product Company)
> 5; 8 (Individual inventor-started company + Product Company)
> 5; 9 (Individual inventor-started company + Individual)
> 6; 8 (University/Government/NGO + Product Company)
> 8; 12 (Product Company + IP Subsidiary of Product Company)
> 8 9 (Product Company + Individual)
> 
> */
. 
. // First create binaries for the asserter categories
. 
. split AsserterCategory, parse(;) gen(AsserterCategory_)
{res}variables created as string: 
{txt}{col 1}AsserterCa~1{col 15}AsserterCa~2{col 29}AsserterCa~3{col 43}AsserterCa~4{col 57}AsserterCa~5

{com}. 
. destring AsserterCategory_1, replace
{txt}AsserterCategory_1: all characters numeric; {res}replaced {txt}as {res}byte
{txt}(3 missing values generated)
{res}{txt}
{com}. destring AsserterCategory_2, replace
{txt}AsserterCategory_2: all characters numeric; {res}replaced {txt}as {res}byte
{txt}(70843 missing values generated)
{res}{txt}
{com}. destring AsserterCategory_3, replace
{txt}AsserterCategory_3: all characters numeric; {res}replaced {txt}as {res}byte
{txt}(76176 missing values generated)
{res}{txt}
{com}. destring AsserterCategory_4, replace
{txt}AsserterCategory_4: all characters numeric; {res}replaced {txt}as {res}byte
{txt}(76360 missing values generated)
{res}{txt}
{com}. destring AsserterCategory_5, replace
{txt}AsserterCategory_5: all characters numeric; {res}replaced {txt}as {res}byte
{txt}(76371 missing values generated)
{res}{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. gen Cat_1 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==1 | AsserterCategory_2==1 | AsserterCategory_3==1 | AsserterCategory_4==1 | AsserterCategory_5==1
{txt}(56,099 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_1 = 0 if Cat_1==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(56,099 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_1 "Acquired patents"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_2 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==2 | AsserterCategory_2==2 | AsserterCategory_3==2 | AsserterCategory_4==2 | AsserterCategory_5==2
{txt}(76,122 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_2 = 0 if Cat_2==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(76,122 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_2 "University heritage or ties"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_3 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==3 | AsserterCategory_2==3 | AsserterCategory_3==3 | AsserterCategory_4==3  | AsserterCategory_5==3
{txt}(75,750 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_3 = 0 if Cat_3==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(75,750 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_3 "Failed startup"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_4 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==4 | AsserterCategory_2==4 | AsserterCategory_3==4 | AsserterCategory_4==4  | AsserterCategory_5==4
{txt}(75,467 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_4 = 0 if Cat_4==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(75,467 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_4 "Corporate heritage"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_5 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==5 | AsserterCategory_2==5 | AsserterCategory_3==5 | AsserterCategory_4==5  | AsserterCategory_5==5
{txt}(65,893 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_5 = 0 if Cat_5==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(65,893 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_5 "Individual inventor-started company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_6 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==6 | AsserterCategory_2==6 | AsserterCategory_3==6 | AsserterCategory_4==6  | AsserterCategory_5==6
{txt}(75,280 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_6 = 0 if Cat_6==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(75,280 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_6 "University/Government/NGO"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_7 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==7 | AsserterCategory_2==7 | AsserterCategory_3==7 | AsserterCategory_4==7  | AsserterCategory_5==7
{txt}(76,259 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_7 = 0 if Cat_7==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(76,259 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_7 "Startup, pre-product"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_8 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==8 | AsserterCategory_2==8 | AsserterCategory_3==8 | AsserterCategory_4==8  | AsserterCategory_5==8
{txt}(35,822 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_8 = 0 if Cat_8==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(35,822 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_8 "Product Company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_9 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==9 | AsserterCategory_2==9 | AsserterCategory_3==9 | AsserterCategory_4==9  | AsserterCategory_5==9
{txt}(70,217 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_9 = 0 if Cat_9==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(70,217 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_9 "Individual"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_10 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==10 | AsserterCategory_2==10 | AsserterCategory_3==10 | AsserterCategory_4==10  | AsserterCategory_5==10
{txt}(76,338 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_10 = 0 if Cat_10==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(76,338 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_10 "Undetermined"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_11 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==11 | AsserterCategory_2==11 | AsserterCategory_3==11 | AsserterCategory_4==11  | AsserterCategory_5==11
{txt}(76,324 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_11 = 0 if Cat_11==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(76,324 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_11 "Industry Consortium"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_12 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==12 | AsserterCategory_2==12 | AsserterCategory_3==12 | AsserterCategory_4==12  | AsserterCategory_5==12
{txt}(75,116 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_12 = 0 if Cat_12==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(75,116 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_12 "IP Subsidiary of Product Company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_13 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==13 | AsserterCategory_2==13 | AsserterCategory_3==13 | AsserterCategory_4==13  | AsserterCategory_5==13
{txt}(76,042 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_13 = 0 if Cat_13==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(76,042 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_13 "Corporate-Inventor-Started Company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. tab Cat_1 DJ

  {txt}Acquired {c |}          DJ
   patents {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    51,479      4,620 {txt}{c |}{res}    56,099 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}    19,662        611 {txt}{c |}{res}    20,273 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_2 DJ

{txt}University {c |}
  heritage {c |}          DJ
   or ties {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    70,911      5,211 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,122 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}       230         20 {txt}{c |}{res}       250 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_3 DJ

    {txt}Failed {c |}          DJ
   startup {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    70,537      5,213 {txt}{c |}{res}    75,750 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}       604         18 {txt}{c |}{res}       622 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_4 DJ

 {txt}Corporate {c |}          DJ
  heritage {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    70,276      5,191 {txt}{c |}{res}    75,467 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}       865         40 {txt}{c |}{res}       905 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_5 DJ

{txt}Individual {c |}
inventor-s {c |}
    tarted {c |}          DJ
   company {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    61,321      4,572 {txt}{c |}{res}    65,893 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}     9,820        659 {txt}{c |}{res}    10,479 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_6 DJ

{txt}University {c |}
/Governmen {c |}          DJ
     t/NGO {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    70,161      5,119 {txt}{c |}{res}    75,280 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}       980        112 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,092 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_7 DJ

  {txt}Startup, {c |}
pre-produc {c |}          DJ
         t {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    71,038      5,221 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,259 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}       103         10 {txt}{c |}{res}       113 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_8 DJ

   {txt}Product {c |}          DJ
   Company {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    34,188      1,634 {txt}{c |}{res}    35,822 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}    36,953      3,597 {txt}{c |}{res}    40,550 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_9 DJ

           {txt}{c |}          DJ
Individual {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    65,991      4,226 {txt}{c |}{res}    70,217 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}     5,150      1,005 {txt}{c |}{res}     6,155 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_10 DJ

{txt}Undetermin {c |}          DJ
        ed {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    71,112      5,226 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,338 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}        29          5 {txt}{c |}{res}        34 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_11 DJ

  {txt}Industry {c |}          DJ
Consortium {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    71,099      5,225 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,324 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}        42          6 {txt}{c |}{res}        48 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_12 DJ

        {txt}IP {c |}
Subsidiary {c |}
of Product {c |}          DJ
   Company {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    70,001      5,115 {txt}{c |}{res}    75,116 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}     1,140        116 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,256 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}. tab Cat_13 DJ

{txt}Corporate- {c |}
Inventor-S {c |}
    tarted {c |}          DJ
   Company {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}    70,846      5,196 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,042 
{txt}         1 {c |}{res}       295         35 {txt}{c |}{res}       330 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}    71,141      5,231 {txt}{c |}{res}    76,372 
{txt}
{com}.  
. // The categories for all civil actions filed < 2017.
. tab1 Cat_1 Cat_2 Cat_3 Cat_4 Cat_5 Cat_6 Cat_7 Cat_8 Cat_9 Cat_10 Cat_11 Cat_12 Cat_13 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

{res}-> tabulation of Cat_1 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

   {txt}Acquired {c |}
    patents {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     19,195       63.04       63.04
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}     11,253       36.96      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_2 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

 {txt}University {c |}
heritage or {c |}
       ties {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     30,332       99.62       99.62
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        116        0.38      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_3 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

     {txt}Failed {c |}
    startup {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     30,205       99.20       99.20
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        243        0.80      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_4 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

  {txt}Corporate {c |}
   heritage {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     29,968       98.42       98.42
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        480        1.58      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_5 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

 {txt}Individual {c |}
inventor-st {c |}
      arted {c |}
    company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     25,231       82.87       82.87
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}      5,217       17.13      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_6 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

{txt}University/ {c |}
Government/ {c |}
        NGO {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     30,026       98.61       98.61
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        422        1.39      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_7 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

   {txt}Startup, {c |}
pre-product {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     30,419       99.90       99.90
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         29        0.10      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_8 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

    {txt}Product {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     18,197       59.76       59.76
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}     12,251       40.24      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_9 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

 {txt}Individual {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     28,676       94.18       94.18
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}      1,772        5.82      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_10 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

{txt}Undetermine {c |}
          d {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     30,443       99.98       99.98
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          5        0.02      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_11 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

   {txt}Industry {c |}
 Consortium {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     30,423       99.92       99.92
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         25        0.08      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_12 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

         {txt}IP {c |}
 Subsidiary {c |}
 of Product {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     30,009       98.56       98.56
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        439        1.44      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_13 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 

{txt}Corporate-I {c |}
nventor-Sta {c |}
       rted {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     30,330       99.61       99.61
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        118        0.39      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. //Replicating the results in Miller p. 294
. tab1 Cat_1 Cat_2 Cat_3 Cat_4 Cat_5 Cat_6 Cat_7 Cat_8 Cat_9 Cat_10 Cat_11 Cat_12 Cat_13 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1  

{res}-> tabulation of Cat_1 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

   {txt}Acquired {c |}
    patents {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      8,498       78.59       78.59
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}      2,315       21.41      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_2 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

 {txt}University {c |}
heritage or {c |}
       ties {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     10,779       99.69       99.69
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         34        0.31      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_3 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

     {txt}Failed {c |}
    startup {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     10,765       99.56       99.56
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         48        0.44      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_4 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

  {txt}Corporate {c |}
   heritage {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     10,704       98.99       98.99
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        109        1.01      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_5 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

 {txt}Individual {c |}
inventor-st {c |}
      arted {c |}
    company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      9,350       86.47       86.47
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}      1,463       13.53      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_6 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

{txt}University/ {c |}
Government/ {c |}
        NGO {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     10,639       98.39       98.39
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        174        1.61      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_7 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

   {txt}Startup, {c |}
pre-product {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     10,795       99.83       99.83
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         18        0.17      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_8 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

    {txt}Product {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      4,558       42.15       42.15
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}      6,255       57.85      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_9 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

 {txt}Individual {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      9,792       90.56       90.56
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}      1,021        9.44      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_10 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

{txt}Undetermine {c |}
          d {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     10,810       99.97       99.97
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          3        0.03      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_11 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

   {txt}Industry {c |}
 Consortium {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     10,807       99.94       99.94
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          6        0.06      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_12 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

         {txt}IP {c |}
 Subsidiary {c |}
 of Product {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     10,623       98.24       98.24
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        190        1.76      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_13 if Case_Filed_Year < 2016 & includedinrandomsample==1 

{txt}Corporate-I {c |}
nventor-Sta {c |}
       rted {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     10,774       99.64       99.64
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         39        0.36      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     10,813      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. ////////////////
> 
. gen Multi_categories = 1 if (Cat_1 + Cat_2 + Cat_3 + Cat_4 + Cat_5 + Cat_6 + Cat_7 + Cat_8 + Cat_9 + Cat_10 + Cat_11 + Cat_12 + Cat_13) > 1
{txt}(70,843 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Multi_categories = 0 if Multi_categories !=1
{txt}(70,843 real changes made)

{com}. tab Multi_categories if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017

{txt}Multi_categ {c |}
      ories {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}     28,610       93.96       93.96
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}      1,838        6.04      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}     30,448      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // This shows how many civil actions had multiple categories.
. 
. // The categories for civil actions filed 2011-2016 that have an appeal at the CAFC
. tab1 Cat_1 Cat_2 Cat_3 Cat_4 Cat_5 Cat_6 Cat_7 Cat_8 Cat_9 Cat_10 Cat_11 Cat_12 Cat_13 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1

{res}-> tabulation of Cat_1 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

   {txt}Acquired {c |}
    patents {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,287       75.35       75.35
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        421       24.65      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_2 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

 {txt}University {c |}
heritage or {c |}
       ties {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,694       99.18       99.18
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         14        0.82      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_3 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

     {txt}Failed {c |}
    startup {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,693       99.12       99.12
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         15        0.88      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_4 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

  {txt}Corporate {c |}
   heritage {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,683       98.54       98.54
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         25        1.46      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_5 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

 {txt}Individual {c |}
inventor-st {c |}
      arted {c |}
    company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,484       86.89       86.89
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        224       13.11      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_6 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

{txt}University/ {c |}
Government/ {c |}
        NGO {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,662       97.31       97.31
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         46        2.69      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_7 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

   {txt}Startup, {c |}
pre-product {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,705       99.82       99.82
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          3        0.18      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_8 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

    {txt}Product {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}        790       46.25       46.25
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        918       53.75      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_9 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

 {txt}Individual {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,571       91.98       91.98
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        137        8.02      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_10 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

{txt}Undetermine {c |}
          d {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_11 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

   {txt}Industry {c |}
 Consortium {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,707       99.94       99.94
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          1        0.06      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_12 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

         {txt}IP {c |}
 Subsidiary {c |}
 of Product {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,660       97.19       97.19
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         48        2.81      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_13 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & dataset_CAFC==1 

{txt}Corporate-I {c |}
nventor-Sta {c |}
       rted {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,698       99.41       99.41
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         10        0.59      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,708      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. ////////////////////
> 
. // Part III.B. Frequency of appeals with decisions decisions by case type
. 
. use "Civil Actions to Appellate decisions - first appeals (by docket) (2011-2016 cases).dta", clear // The appeal docket is the record unit
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab docType if Case_Filed_Year==2012 

          {txt}docType {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
          Opinion {c |}{res}        160       68.97       68.97
{txt}          Rule 36 {c |}{res}         72       31.03      100.00
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
            Total {c |}{res}        232      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // Contextual information on the data 
.  
. duplicates tag AsserterCategory, gen(AsserterCategory_n)

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} AsserterCategory{p_end}
{txt}
{com}. tab AsserterCategory if AsserterCategory_n > 20

      {txt}Asserter {c |}
      Category {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 15}{c +}{hline 35}
             1 {c |}{res}        262       26.31       26.31
{txt}             5 {c |}{res}        150       15.06       41.37
{txt}             8 {c |}{res}        523       52.51       93.88
{txt}             9 {c |}{res}         61        6.12      100.00
{txt}{hline 15}{c +}{hline 35}
         Total {c |}{res}        996      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. split AsserterCategory, parse(;) gen(AsserterCategory_)
{res}variables created as string: 
{txt}{col 1}AsserterCa~1{col 15}AsserterCa~2{col 29}AsserterCa~3

{com}. 
. destring AsserterCategory_1, replace
{txt}AsserterCategory_1: all characters numeric; {res}replaced {txt}as {res}byte
{txt}
{com}. destring AsserterCategory_2, replace
{txt}AsserterCategory_2: all characters numeric; {res}replaced {txt}as {res}byte
{txt}(1052 missing values generated)
{res}{txt}
{com}. destring AsserterCategory_3, replace
{txt}AsserterCategory_3: all characters numeric; {res}replaced {txt}as {res}byte
{txt}(1149 missing values generated)
{res}{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_1 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==1 | AsserterCategory_2==1 | AsserterCategory_3==1
{txt}(867 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_1 = 0 if Cat_1==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(867 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_1 "Acquired patents"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_2 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==2 | AsserterCategory_2==2 | AsserterCategory_3==2
{txt}(1,147 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_2 = 0 if Cat_2==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,147 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_2 "University heritage or ties"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_3 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==3 | AsserterCategory_2==3 | AsserterCategory_3==3
{txt}(1,142 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_3 = 0 if Cat_3==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,142 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_3 "Failed startup"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_4 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==4 | AsserterCategory_2==4 | AsserterCategory_3==4
{txt}(1,134 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_4 = 0 if Cat_4==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,134 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_4 "Corporate heritage"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_5 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==5 | AsserterCategory_2==5 | AsserterCategory_3==5
{txt}(992 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_5 = 0 if Cat_5==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(992 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_5 "Individual inventor-started company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_6 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==6 | AsserterCategory_2==6 | AsserterCategory_3==6
{txt}(1,118 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_6 = 0 if Cat_6==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,118 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_6 "University/Government/NGO"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_7 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==7 | AsserterCategory_2==7 | AsserterCategory_3==7
{txt}(1,154 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_7 = 0 if Cat_7==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,154 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_7 "Startup, pre-product"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_8 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==8 | AsserterCategory_2==8 | AsserterCategory_3==8
{txt}(554 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_8 = 0 if Cat_8==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(554 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_8 "Product Company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_9 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==9 | AsserterCategory_2==9 | AsserterCategory_3==9
{txt}(1,064 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_9 = 0 if Cat_9==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,064 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_9 "Individual"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_10 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==10 | AsserterCategory_2==10 | AsserterCategory_3==10
{txt}(1,155 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_10 = 0 if Cat_10==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,155 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_10 "Undetermined"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_11 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==11 | AsserterCategory_2==11 | AsserterCategory_3==11
{txt}(1,154 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_11 = 0 if Cat_11==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,154 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_11 "Industry Consortium"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_12 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==12 | AsserterCategory_2==12 | AsserterCategory_3==12
{txt}(1,122 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_12 = 0 if Cat_12==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,122 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_12 "IP Subsidiary of Product Company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_13 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==13 | AsserterCategory_2==13 | AsserterCategory_3==13
{txt}(1,148 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_13 = 0 if Cat_13==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,148 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_13 "Corporate-Inventor-Started Company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. // Information on the asserter category for appeals with decisions (cases filed 2011-2016)
. tab1 Cat_1 Cat_2 Cat_3 Cat_4 Cat_5 Cat_6 Cat_7 Cat_8 Cat_9 Cat_10 Cat_11 Cat_12 Cat_13 

{res}-> tabulation of Cat_1  

   {txt}Acquired {c |}
    patents {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}        867       75.06       75.06
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        288       24.94      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_2  

 {txt}University {c |}
heritage or {c |}
       ties {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,147       99.31       99.31
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          8        0.69      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_3  

     {txt}Failed {c |}
    startup {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,142       98.87       98.87
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         13        1.13      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_4  

  {txt}Corporate {c |}
   heritage {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,134       98.18       98.18
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         21        1.82      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_5  

 {txt}Individual {c |}
inventor-st {c |}
      arted {c |}
    company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}        992       85.89       85.89
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        163       14.11      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_6  

{txt}University/ {c |}
Government/ {c |}
        NGO {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,118       96.80       96.80
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         37        3.20      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_7  

   {txt}Startup, {c |}
pre-product {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,154       99.91       99.91
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          1        0.09      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_8  

    {txt}Product {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}        554       47.97       47.97
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        601       52.03      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_9  

 {txt}Individual {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,064       92.12       92.12
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         91        7.88      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_10  

{txt}Undetermine {c |}
          d {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_11  

   {txt}Industry {c |}
 Consortium {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,154       99.91       99.91
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          1        0.09      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_12  

         {txt}IP {c |}
 Subsidiary {c |}
 of Product {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,122       97.14       97.14
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         33        2.86      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_13  

{txt}Corporate-I {c |}
nventor-Sta {c |}
       rted {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,148       99.39       99.39
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          7        0.61      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. /////////////////////
> gen Multi_categories = 1 if (Cat_1 + Cat_2 + Cat_3 + Cat_4 + Cat_5 + Cat_6 + Cat_7 + Cat_8 + Cat_9 + Cat_10 + Cat_11 + Cat_12 + Cat_13) > 1
{txt}(1,052 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Multi_categories = 0 if Multi_categories !=1
{txt}(1,052 real changes made)

{com}. 
. tab Multi_categories if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017

{txt}Multi_categ {c |}
      ories {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,052       91.08       91.08
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        103        8.92      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // This shows how many civil actions for appeals with decisions had multiple categories (cases filed 2011-2016). 
. 
. 
. ****************************************************************
. // Part III.C. Frequency of party filing appeal by asserter type
. ****************************************************************
. 
. // As the primary analysis is limited to only first appeals in a civil action, cross appeals do not matter here because we are looking at only the *first* appeal filed for a civil action, which necessarily will be the appellant. Decisions where the appellant was coded as "other" or "patent applicant" are not included in this analysis.
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Cross, missing 

{txt}Appellant_Type_Cr {c |}
              oss {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
                  {c |}{res}      1,028       89.00       89.00
{txt}Accused infringer {c |}{res}         65        5.63       94.63
{txt}            Other {c |}{res}          2        0.17       94.81
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}         60        5.19      100.00
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
            Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // This provides the number of cases with a cross-appeal
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary, missing 

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}
            imary {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
                  {c |}{res}          9        0.78        0.78
{txt}Accused infringer {c |}{res}        234       20.26       21.04
{txt}            Other {c |}{res}         29        2.51       23.55
{txt} Patent applicant {c |}{res}          1        0.09       23.64
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        882       76.36      100.00
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
            Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // This provides information on who the appellant was
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary if (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter")

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}
            imary {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        234       20.97       20.97
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        882       79.03      100.00
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
            Total {c |}{res}      1,116      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. // Focusing only on categories with at least 20 cases with an appellate decision
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_1 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") 

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}   Acquired patents
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       202         32 {txt}{c |}{res}       234 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       627        255 {txt}{c |}{res}       882 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       829        287 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_4 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") 

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}  Corporate heritage
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       232          2 {txt}{c |}{res}       234 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       863         19 {txt}{c |}{res}       882 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}     1,095         21 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_5 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") 

                  {txt}{c |}      Individual
                  {c |}   inventor-started
Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}        company
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       219         15 {txt}{c |}{res}       234 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       735        147 {txt}{c |}{res}       882 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       954        162 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_6 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") 

                  {txt}{c |} University/Government
Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}         /NGO
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       223         11 {txt}{c |}{res}       234 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       859         23 {txt}{c |}{res}       882 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}     1,082         34 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_8 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") 

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}    Product Company
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        61        173 {txt}{c |}{res}       234 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       474        408 {txt}{c |}{res}       882 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       535        581 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_9 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") 

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}      Individual
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       224         10 {txt}{c |}{res}       234 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       815         67 {txt}{c |}{res}       882 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}     1,039         77 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_12 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter")

                  {txt}{c |}   IP Subsidiary of
Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}    Product Company
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       225          9 {txt}{c |}{res}       234 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       858         24 {txt}{c |}{res}       882 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}     1,083         33 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. tab AsserterCategory Appellant_Type_Primary if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter"), missing

               {txt}{c |} Appellant_Type_Primar
      Asserter {c |}           y
      Category {c |} Accused..  Patent .. {c |}     Total
{hline 15}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
             1 {c |}{res}        28        233 {txt}{c |}{res}       261 
{txt}            12 {c |}{res}         2          9 {txt}{c |}{res}        11 
{txt}            13 {c |}{res}         2          2 {txt}{c |}{res}         4 
{txt}         1; 12 {c |}{res}         0          2 {txt}{c |}{res}         2 
{txt}          1; 2 {c |}{res}         0          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}          1; 4 {c |}{res}         1          7 {txt}{c |}{res}         8 
{txt}          1; 6 {c |}{res}         1          5 {txt}{c |}{res}         6 
{txt}          1; 8 {c |}{res}         1          6 {txt}{c |}{res}         7 
{txt}       1; 8; 9 {c |}{res}         0          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}          1; 9 {c |}{res}         1          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}             2 {c |}{res}         1          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         2 
{txt}       2; 6; 8 {c |}{res}         0          3 {txt}{c |}{res}         3 
{txt}          2; 8 {c |}{res}         0          2 {txt}{c |}{res}         2 
{txt}             3 {c |}{res}         1         11 {txt}{c |}{res}        12 
{txt}          3; 5 {c |}{res}         0          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}             4 {c |}{res}         0         10 {txt}{c |}{res}        10 
{txt}          4; 5 {c |}{res}         1          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}          4; 8 {c |}{res}         0          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}          4; 9 {c |}{res}         0          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}             5 {c |}{res}         9        140 {txt}{c |}{res}       149 
{txt}          5; 8 {c |}{res}         5          3 {txt}{c |}{res}         8 
{txt}       5; 8; 9 {c |}{res}         0          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}          5; 9 {c |}{res}         0          2 {txt}{c |}{res}         2 
{txt}             6 {c |}{res}         8          4 {txt}{c |}{res}        12 
{txt}          6; 8 {c |}{res}         2         10 {txt}{c |}{res}        12 
{txt}       6; 8; 9 {c |}{res}         0          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}             8 {c |}{res}       154        351 {txt}{c |}{res}       505 
{txt}         8; 11 {c |}{res}         1          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}         8; 12 {c |}{res}         7         12 {txt}{c |}{res}        19 
{txt}         8; 13 {c |}{res}         0          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}          8; 9 {c |}{res}         3         16 {txt}{c |}{res}        19 
{txt}             9 {c |}{res}         6         44 {txt}{c |}{res}        50 
{txt}         9; 12 {c |}{res}         0          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}{hline 15}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         Total {c |}{res}       234        882 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. // The data used in Figure 4 (pie chart)
. 
. 
. **********************************************************************************
. // Analysis of appeals potentially involving preliminary injunctions
. **********************************************************************************
. 
. merge m:1 uniqueID using "2022-06-30 keyword preliminary injunction.dta" // This merges the dataset with a set of uniqueIDs that are associated with documents that contain the term "preliminary injunction"
{res}
{txt}{col 5}Result{col 33}Number of obs
{col 5}{hline 41}
{col 5}Not matched{col 30}{res}           1,385
{txt}{col 9}from master{col 30}{res}           1,107{txt}  (_merge==1)
{col 9}from using{col 30}{res}             278{txt}  (_merge==2)

{col 5}Matched{col 30}{res}              48{txt}  (_merge==3)
{col 5}{hline 41}

{com}. 
. drop if _merge==2
{txt}(278 observations deleted)

{com}. 
. drop _merge
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab keyword_preliminary_injunction, missing // Note that these are only appeals with decisions. 

{txt}keyword_pre {c |}
liminary_in {c |}
   junction {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         48        4.16        4.16
{txt}          . {c |}{res}      1,107       95.84      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,155      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab keyword_preliminary_injunction Cat_1 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter"), missing

{txt}keyword_pr {c |}
eliminary_ {c |}   Acquired patents
injunction {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}        46          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        46 
{txt}         . {c |}{res}       783        287 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,070 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}       829        287 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab keyword_preliminary_injunction Cat_4 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter"), missing 

{txt}keyword_pr {c |}
eliminary_ {c |}  Corporate heritage
injunction {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}        46          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        46 
{txt}         . {c |}{res}     1,049         21 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,070 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,095         21 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab keyword_preliminary_injunction Cat_5 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter"), missing 

           {txt}{c |}      Individual
keyword_pr {c |}   inventor-started
eliminary_ {c |}        company
injunction {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}        44          2 {txt}{c |}{res}        46 
{txt}         . {c |}{res}       910        160 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,070 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}       954        162 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab keyword_preliminary_injunction Cat_6 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter"), missing 

{txt}keyword_pr {c |} University/Government
eliminary_ {c |}         /NGO
injunction {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}        43          3 {txt}{c |}{res}        46 
{txt}         . {c |}{res}     1,039         31 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,070 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,082         34 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab keyword_preliminary_injunction Cat_8 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter"), missing 

{txt}keyword_pr {c |}
eliminary_ {c |}    Product Company
injunction {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}         0         46 {txt}{c |}{res}        46 
{txt}         . {c |}{res}       535        535 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,070 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}       535        581 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab keyword_preliminary_injunction Cat_9 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter"), missing 

{txt}keyword_pr {c |}
eliminary_ {c |}      Individual
injunction {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}        45          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        46 
{txt}         . {c |}{res}       994         76 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,070 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,039         77 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab keyword_preliminary_injunction Cat_12 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter"), missing

{txt}keyword_pr {c |}   IP Subsidiary of
eliminary_ {c |}    Product Company
injunction {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}        45          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        46 
{txt}         . {c |}{res}     1,038         32 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,070 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,083         33 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. 
. **********************************************************************************
. // Part III.D. Win rates by asserter type
. **********************************************************************************
. 
. // Due to the method for calculating win rates, cross-appeals add complexity because it is unclear which party "won" the cross-appeal. Consequently, we did not include decisions involving cross-appeals in calculating the win rates in our primary analysis. We report data on appeals with cross-appeals separately. 
. 
. // Keep in mind that the record unit remains an appeal, not an appellate decision.
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                      DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       107         25          3         25         14 {txt}{c |}{res}       174 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       595         76         14         82         50 {txt}{c |}{res}       817 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       702        101         17        107         64 {txt}{c |}{res}       991 
{txt}
{com}. //This table shows the outcomes of appeals based on which party filed the appeal. 
. 
. tab DispGeneral if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Appellant_Type_Cross!=""

                            {txt}DispGeneral {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 40}{c +}{hline 35}
                               Affirmed {c |}{res}         64       51.20       51.20
{txt}                       Affirmed-in-part {c |}{res}         35       28.00       79.20
{txt}                              Dismissed {c |}{res}          9        7.20       86.40
{txt}                               Reversed {c |}{res}         10        8.00       94.40
{txt}                                Vacated {c |}{res}          7        5.60      100.00
{txt}{hline 40}{c +}{hline 35}
                                  Total {c |}{res}        125      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // This table shows the outcomes of appeals with a cross-appeal
. 
. 
. // Focusing only on categories with at least 20 cases with an appellate decision and excluding cross-appeals
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_1 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                      DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        11          6          1          1          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        19 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       180         22         11         10         14 {txt}{c |}{res}       237 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       191         28         12         11         14 {txt}{c |}{res}       256 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_4 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}           DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         1          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         1 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        12          5          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        18 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        13          5          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        19 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_5 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                 DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         4          3          2          2 {txt}{c |}{res}        11 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       104          3         21         15 {txt}{c |}{res}       143 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       108          6         23         17 {txt}{c |}{res}       154 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_6 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}           DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         4          2          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         7 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        17          4          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        21 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        21          6          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        28 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_8 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                      DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        85         15          2         21         11 {txt}{c |}{res}       134 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       256         39          3         50         20 {txt}{c |}{res}       368 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       341         54          5         71         31 {txt}{c |}{res}       502 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_9 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}           DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..   Reversed {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         6          1          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         8 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        51          5          5 {txt}{c |}{res}        61 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        57          6          6 {txt}{c |}{res}        69 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_12 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}           DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..   Reversed {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         7          0          2 {txt}{c |}{res}         9 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        17          3          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        21 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        24          3          3 {txt}{c |}{res}        30 
{txt}
{com}. 
. // Limited to only precedential decisions
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_1 & Appellant_Type_Cross=="" & PrecedentialStatus=="Precedential"

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                      DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         5          4          1          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        10 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        69         10          0         10         11 {txt}{c |}{res}       100 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        74         14          1         10         11 {txt}{c |}{res}       110 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_4 & Appellant_Type_Cross=="" & PrecedentialStatus=="Precedential"

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}      DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme.. {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
  Patent asserter {c |}{res}         7          3 {txt}{c |}{res}        10 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}         7          3 {txt}{c |}{res}        10 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_5 & Appellant_Type_Cross=="" & PrecedentialStatus=="Precedential"

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                 DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         1          1          2          2 {txt}{c |}{res}         6 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        17          3         20          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        41 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        18          4         22          3 {txt}{c |}{res}        47 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_6 & Appellant_Type_Cross=="" & PrecedentialStatus=="Precedential"

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}           DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         2          2          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         5 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        10          2          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        12 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        12          4          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        17 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_8 & Appellant_Type_Cross=="" & PrecedentialStatus=="Precedential"

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                      DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        34         11          1         15          4 {txt}{c |}{res}        65 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        78         20          2         44         12 {txt}{c |}{res}       156 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       112         31          3         59         16 {txt}{c |}{res}       221 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_9 & Appellant_Type_Cross=="" & PrecedentialStatus=="Precedential"

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}           DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..   Reversed {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         4          1          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         5 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}         6          2          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         9 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        10          3          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        14 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_12 & Appellant_Type_Cross=="" & PrecedentialStatus=="Precedential"

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}           DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..   Reversed {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         6          0          2 {txt}{c |}{res}         8 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}         3          1          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         5 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}         9          1          3 {txt}{c |}{res}        13 
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. 
. **********************************************************************************
. // Part III.E. Frequency of appellate decisions by document type
. **********************************************************************************
. 
. tab docType DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter")

                  {txt}{c |}                      DispGeneral
          docType {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
          Opinion {c |}{res}       403        136         26        117         71 {txt}{c |}{res}       753 
{txt}          Rule 36 {c |}{res}       363          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       363 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       766        136         26        117         71 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,116 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab docType DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer"

                  {txt}{c |}                      DispGeneral
          docType {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
          Opinion {c |}{res}        82         41         12         31         19 {txt}{c |}{res}       185 
{txt}          Rule 36 {c |}{res}        49          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        49 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       131         41         12         31         19 {txt}{c |}{res}       234 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab docType DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter" 

                  {txt}{c |}                      DispGeneral
          docType {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
          Opinion {c |}{res}       321         95         14         86         52 {txt}{c |}{res}       568 
{txt}          Rule 36 {c |}{res}       314          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       314 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       635         95         14         86         52 {txt}{c |}{res}       882 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab docType DispGeneral if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_1 

                  {txt}{c |}                      DispGeneral
          docType {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
          Opinion {c |}{res}        96         30         11         10         15 {txt}{c |}{res}       162 
{txt}          Rule 36 {c |}{res}        93          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        93 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       189         30         11         10         15 {txt}{c |}{res}       255 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab docType DispGeneral if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017  & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer") & Cat_1 

                  {txt}{c |}                 DispGeneral
          docType {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
          Opinion {c |}{res}         9          6         10          2 {txt}{c |}{res}        27 
{txt}          Rule 36 {c |}{res}         5          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         5 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        14          6         10          2 {txt}{c |}{res}        32 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab docType DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_5 

                  {txt}{c |}                 DispGeneral
          docType {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
          Opinion {c |}{res}        56          4         21         15 {txt}{c |}{res}        96 
{txt}          Rule 36 {c |}{res}        51          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        51 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       107          4         21         15 {txt}{c |}{res}       147 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab docType DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer") & Cat_8 

                  {txt}{c |}                      DispGeneral
          docType {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
          Opinion {c |}{res}        66         29          2         22         16 {txt}{c |}{res}       135 
{txt}          Rule 36 {c |}{res}        38          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        38 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       104         29          2         22         16 {txt}{c |}{res}       173 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab docType DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_8 

                  {txt}{c |}                      DispGeneral
          docType {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
          Opinion {c |}{res}       145         49          3         54         21 {txt}{c |}{res}       272 
{txt}          Rule 36 {c |}{res}       136          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       136 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       281         49          3         54         21 {txt}{c |}{res}       408 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab docType DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_9 

                  {txt}{c |}           DispGeneral
          docType {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..   Reversed {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
          Opinion {c |}{res}        23          6          6 {txt}{c |}{res}        35 
{txt}          Rule 36 {c |}{res}        32          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        32 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        55          6          6 {txt}{c |}{res}        67 
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. **********************************************************************************
. // Repeating selected analyses with All Appeals dataset
. **********************************************************************************
. 
. // We repeat the following analyses: (1) appellant type; (2) win rates; (3) decision type.
. 
. use "Civil Actions to Appellate decisions - all appeals (2011-2016).dta", clear // The record unit is an appeal docket, not an appellate decision. Also note that this is limited to cases filed 2011-2016
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. // 1. Appellant Type (all appeals)
. 
. duplicates tag AsserterCategory, gen(AsserterCategory_n)

{p 0 4}{txt}Duplicates in terms of {res} AsserterCategory{p_end}
{txt}
{com}. tab AsserterCategory if AsserterCategory_n > 20

      {txt}Asserter {c |}
      Category {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 15}{c +}{hline 35}
             1 {c |}{res}        325       23.88       23.88
{txt}             5 {c |}{res}        176       12.93       36.81
{txt}             6 {c |}{res}         22        1.62       38.43
{txt}             8 {c |}{res}        700       51.43       89.86
{txt}         8; 12 {c |}{res}         23        1.69       91.55
{txt}          8; 9 {c |}{res}         33        2.42       93.98
{txt}             9 {c |}{res}         82        6.02      100.00
{txt}{hline 15}{c +}{hline 35}
         Total {c |}{res}      1,361      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. split AsserterCategory, parse(;) gen(AsserterCategory_) // The split results in a maximum of 3 categories per record.
{res}variables created as string: 
{txt}{col 1}AsserterCa~1{col 15}AsserterCa~2{col 29}AsserterCa~3

{com}. 
. destring AsserterCategory_1, replace
{txt}AsserterCategory_1: all characters numeric; {res}replaced {txt}as {res}byte
{txt}
{com}. destring AsserterCategory_2, replace
{txt}AsserterCategory_2: all characters numeric; {res}replaced {txt}as {res}byte
{txt}(1355 missing values generated)
{res}{txt}
{com}. destring AsserterCategory_3, replace
{txt}AsserterCategory_3: all characters numeric; {res}replaced {txt}as {res}byte
{txt}(1498 missing values generated)
{res}{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_1 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==1 | AsserterCategory_2==1 | AsserterCategory_3==1
{txt}(1,144 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_1 = 0 if Cat_1==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,144 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_1 "Acquired patents"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_2 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==2 | AsserterCategory_2==2 | AsserterCategory_3==2 
{txt}(1,496 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_2 = 0 if Cat_2==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,496 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_2 "University heritage or ties"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_3 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==3 | AsserterCategory_2==3 | AsserterCategory_3==3
{txt}(1,487 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_3 = 0 if Cat_3==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,487 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_3 "Failed startup"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_4 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==4 | AsserterCategory_2==4 | AsserterCategory_3==4
{txt}(1,475 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_4 = 0 if Cat_4==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,475 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_4 "Corporate heritage"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_5 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==5 | AsserterCategory_2==5 | AsserterCategory_3==5
{txt}(1,309 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_5 = 0 if Cat_5==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,309 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_5 "Individual inventor-started company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_6 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==6 | AsserterCategory_2==6 | AsserterCategory_3==6
{txt}(1,451 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_6 = 0 if Cat_6==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,451 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_6 "University/Government/NGO"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_7 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==7 | AsserterCategory_2==7 | AsserterCategory_3==7
{txt}(1,505 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_7 = 0 if Cat_7==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,505 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_7 "Startup, pre-product"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_8 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==8 | AsserterCategory_2==8 | AsserterCategory_3==8
{txt}(694 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_8 = 0 if Cat_8==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(694 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_8 "Product Company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_9 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==9 | AsserterCategory_2==9 | AsserterCategory_3==9 
{txt}(1,374 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_9 = 0 if Cat_9==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,374 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_9 "Individual"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_10 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==10 | AsserterCategory_2==10 | AsserterCategory_3==10
{txt}(1,506 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_10 = 0 if Cat_10==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,506 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_10 "Undetermined"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_11 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==11 | AsserterCategory_2==11 | AsserterCategory_3==11
{txt}(1,505 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_11 = 0 if Cat_11==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,505 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_11 "Industry Consortium"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_12 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==12 | AsserterCategory_2==12 | AsserterCategory_3==12
{txt}(1,468 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_12 = 0 if Cat_12==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,468 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_12 "IP Subsidiary of Product Company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cat_13 = 1 if AsserterCategory_1==13 | AsserterCategory_2==13 | AsserterCategory_3==133
{txt}(1,499 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cat_13 = 0 if Cat_13==. & dataset_Stanford==1
{txt}(1,499 real changes made)

{com}. label var Cat_13 "Corporate-Inventor-Started Company"
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab1 Cat_1 Cat_2 Cat_3 Cat_4 Cat_5 Cat_6 Cat_7 Cat_8 Cat_9 Cat_10 Cat_11 Cat_12 Cat_13 

{res}-> tabulation of Cat_1  

   {txt}Acquired {c |}
    patents {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,144       75.96       75.96
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        362       24.04      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_2  

 {txt}University {c |}
heritage or {c |}
       ties {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,496       99.34       99.34
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         10        0.66      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_3  

     {txt}Failed {c |}
    startup {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,487       98.74       98.74
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         19        1.26      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_4  

  {txt}Corporate {c |}
   heritage {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,475       97.94       97.94
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         31        2.06      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_5  

 {txt}Individual {c |}
inventor-st {c |}
      arted {c |}
    company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,309       86.92       86.92
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        197       13.08      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_6  

{txt}University/ {c |}
Government/ {c |}
        NGO {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,451       96.35       96.35
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         55        3.65      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_7  

   {txt}Startup, {c |}
pre-product {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,505       99.93       99.93
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          1        0.07      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_8  

    {txt}Product {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}        694       46.08       46.08
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        812       53.92      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_9  

 {txt}Individual {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,374       91.24       91.24
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        132        8.76      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_10  

{txt}Undetermine {c |}
          d {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_11  

   {txt}Industry {c |}
 Consortium {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,505       99.93       99.93
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          1        0.07      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_12  

         {txt}IP {c |}
 Subsidiary {c |}
 of Product {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,468       97.48       97.48
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         38        2.52      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00

-> tabulation of Cat_13  

{txt}Corporate-I {c |}
nventor-Sta {c |}
       rted {c |}
    Company {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,499       99.54       99.54
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          7        0.46      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. ///////////////////////
>  
. gen Multi_categories = 1 if (Cat_1 + Cat_2 + Cat_3 + Cat_4 + Cat_5 + Cat_6 + Cat_7 + Cat_8 + Cat_9 + Cat_10 + Cat_11 + Cat_12 + Cat_13) > 1
{txt}(1,355 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Multi_categories = 0 if Multi_categories !=1
{txt}(1,355 real changes made)

{com}. tab Multi_categories

{txt}Multi_categ {c |}
      ories {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}      1,355       89.97       89.97
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        151       10.03      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00
{txt}
{com}. // This shows how many civil actions in the all appeals dataset had multiple categories of asserters. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. // 2. Frequency of party filing appeal (all appeals)
. 
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Cross if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017, missing // This provides the number of cases with a cross-appeal

{txt}Appellant_Type_Cr {c |}
              oss {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
                  {c |}{res}      1,231       81.74       81.74
{txt}Accused infringer {c |}{res}        144        9.56       91.30
{txt}            Other {c |}{res}          4        0.27       91.57
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        127        8.43      100.00
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
            Total {c |}{res}      1,506      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter")

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}
            imary {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        372       25.58       25.58
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}      1,082       74.42      100.00
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
            Total {c |}{res}      1,454      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}
            imary {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        247       20.88       20.88
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        936       79.12      100.00
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 35}
            Total {c |}{res}      1,183      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. // Focusing only on categories with at least 20 cases with an appellate decision and excluding cases with cross-appeal (because this is not coded separately for each appeal docket)
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_1 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}   Acquired patents
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       217         30 {txt}{c |}{res}       247 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       671        265 {txt}{c |}{res}       936 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       888        295 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,183 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_4 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}  Corporate heritage
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       244          3 {txt}{c |}{res}       247 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       913         23 {txt}{c |}{res}       936 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}     1,157         26 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,183 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_5 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

                  {txt}{c |}      Individual
                  {c |}   inventor-started
Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}        company
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       226         21 {txt}{c |}{res}       247 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       777        159 {txt}{c |}{res}       936 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}     1,003        180 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,183 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_6 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

                  {txt}{c |} University/Government
Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}         /NGO
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       237         10 {txt}{c |}{res}       247 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       914         22 {txt}{c |}{res}       936 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}     1,151         32 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,183 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_8 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}    Product Company
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        56        191 {txt}{c |}{res}       247 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       515        421 {txt}{c |}{res}       936 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       571        612 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,183 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_9 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}      Individual
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       235         12 {txt}{c |}{res}       247 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       854         82 {txt}{c |}{res}       936 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}     1,089         94 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,183 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Cat_12 if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

                  {txt}{c |}   IP Subsidiary of
Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}    Product Company
            imary {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       237         10 {txt}{c |}{res}       247 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       914         22 {txt}{c |}{res}       936 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}     1,151         32 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,183 
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. // Analyzing Cross-appeals
. 
. // Note that cross-appeals are naturally more frequent in this set because it contains not just the first appeal for a civil action, but subsequent appeals for that civil action. Thus, it will include both the initial appeal (that is matched with a cross-appeal) and the subsequent appeal (that is also coded as a cross appeal)
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Appellant_Type_Cross if Cat_1==1 & Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter"), missing

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}       Appellant_Type_Cross
            imary {c |}            Accused..  Patent .. {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        30          0         29 {txt}{c |}{res}        59 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       265         37          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       302 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       295         37         29 {txt}{c |}{res}       361 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Appellant_Type_Cross if Cat_8==1 & Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter"), missing

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}       Appellant_Type_Cross
            imary {c |}            Accused..  Patent .. {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       191          0         78 {txt}{c |}{res}       269 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       421         90          2 {txt}{c |}{res}       513 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       612         90         80 {txt}{c |}{res}       782 
{txt}
{com}. 
. gen Cross_Appeal=1 if Appellant_Type_Cross!=""
{txt}(1,231 missing values generated)

{com}. replace Cross_Appeal=0 if Cross_Appeal!=1
{txt}(1,231 real changes made)

{com}. 
. 
. tab Cross_Appeal if Cat_1==1 & Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter")

{txt}Cross_Appea {c |}
          l {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}        295       81.72       81.72
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         66       18.28      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        361      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Cross_Appeal  if Cat_4==1 & Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter")

{txt}Cross_Appea {c |}
          l {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}         26       83.87       83.87
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          5       16.13      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         31      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Cross_Appeal  if Cat_5 ==1 & Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter")

{txt}Cross_Appea {c |}
          l {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}        180       91.84       91.84
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         16        8.16      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        196      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Cross_Appeal  if Cat_6 ==1 & Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter")

{txt}Cross_Appea {c |}
          l {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}         32       62.75       62.75
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         19       37.25      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         51      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Cross_Appeal  if Cat_8 ==1 & Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter")

{txt}Cross_Appea {c |}
          l {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}        612       78.26       78.26
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}        170       21.74      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        782      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Cross_Appeal  if Cat_9 ==1 & Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter")

{txt}Cross_Appea {c |}
          l {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}         94       82.46       82.46
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         20       17.54      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        114      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Cross_Appeal if Cat_12 ==1 & Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter")

{txt}Cross_Appea {c |}
          l {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}         32       84.21       84.21
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}          6       15.79      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         38      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. 
. // 3. Win rates of asserters (all appeals)
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                            DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed      Other   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 66}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       154         34          3          2         31         23 {txt}{c |}{res}       247 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       689         89         15          0         88         55 {txt}{c |}{res}       936 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 66}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       843        123         18          2        119         78 {txt}{c |}{res}     1,183 
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. // Focusing only on categories with at least 20 cases with an appellate decision. As above, this analysis excludes cases with cross-appeals. 
. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_1 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                      DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        19          6          1          3          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        30 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       202         24         11         11         17 {txt}{c |}{res}       265 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       221         30         12         14         18 {txt}{c |}{res}       295 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_4 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                      DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         1          0          0          1          1 {txt}{c |}{res}         3 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        16          6          1          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        23 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 55}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        17          6          1          1          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        26 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_5 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                 DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        13          3          2          3 {txt}{c |}{res}        21 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       116          7         21         15 {txt}{c |}{res}       159 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       129         10         23         18 {txt}{c |}{res}       180 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_6 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}           DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         6          3          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        10 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        18          4          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        22 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        24          7          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        32 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_8 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                            DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..  Dismissed      Other   Reversed    Vacated {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 66}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       122         23          2          2         24         18 {txt}{c |}{res}       191 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}       294         46          4          0         55         22 {txt}{c |}{res}       421 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 66}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       416         69          6          2         79         40 {txt}{c |}{res}       612 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_9 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                 DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..      Other   Reversed {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         7          1          2          2 {txt}{c |}{res}        12 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        70          6          0          6 {txt}{c |}{res}        82 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        77          7          2          8 {txt}{c |}{res}        94 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary DispGeneral  if Case_Filed_Year > 2010 & Case_Filed_Year < 2017 & (Appellant_Type_Primary=="Accused infringer" | Appellant_Type_Primary=="Patent asserter") & Cat_12 & Appellant_Type_Cross==""

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}           DispGeneral
            imary {c |}  Affirmed  Affirme..   Reversed {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}         7          0          3 {txt}{c |}{res}        10 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}        18          3          1 {txt}{c |}{res}        22 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 33}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        25          3          4 {txt}{c |}{res}        32 
{txt}
{com}. 
. 
. 
. ************************
. /* Intercoder agreement analysis of AppellantType field */
. ************************
. 
. ssc install kappaetc
{txt}checking {hilite:kappaetc} consistency and verifying not already installed...
all files already exist and are up to date.

{com}. 
. use "appeals 2022-04-06.dta", clear
{txt}
{com}. merge 1:1 uniqueID using  "Second coder for kappa.dta"
{res}
{txt}{col 5}Result{col 33}Number of obs
{col 5}{hline 41}
{col 5}Not matched{col 30}{res}          18,424
{txt}{col 9}from master{col 30}{res}          18,424{txt}  (_merge==1)
{col 9}from using{col 30}{res}               0{txt}  (_merge==2)

{col 5}Matched{col 30}{res}             200{txt}  (_merge==3)
{col 5}{hline 41}

{com}. 
. encode Appellant_Type_Primary, gen(Appellant_Type_Primary_n)
{txt}
{com}. tab Appellant_Type_Primary Appellant_Type_Primary_n

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}                      Appellant_Type_Primary
            imary {c |} Accused i      Other  Patent ap  Patent as  Patent ch  Patent ow {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 66}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}       907          0          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       907 
{txt}            Other {c |}{res}         0        362          0          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       362 
{txt} Patent applicant {c |}{res}         0          0         94          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        94 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}         0          0          0      2,145          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,145 
{txt}Patent challenger {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0        250          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       250 
{txt}     Patent owner {c |}{res}         0          0          0          0          0        657 {txt}{c |}{res}       657 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 66}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}       907        362         94      2,145        250        657 {txt}{c |}{res}     4,415 
{txt}
{com}. 
. encode kappa_Appellant_Type_Primary, gen(kappa_Appellant_Type_Primary_n)
{txt}
{com}. tab kappa_Appellant_Type_Primary_n kappa_Appellant_Type_Primary

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}           Appellant_Type_Primary
            imary {c |} Accused..      Other  Patent ..  Patent .. {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        56          0          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        56 
{txt}            Other {c |}{res}         0         16          0          0 {txt}{c |}{res}        16 
{txt} Patent applicant {c |}{res}         0          0          3          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         3 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}         0          0          0        125 {txt}{c |}{res}       125 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        56         16          3        125 {txt}{c |}{res}       200 
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab Appellant_Type_Primary_n kappa_Appellant_Type_Primary_n

{txt}Appellant_Type_Pr {c |}           Appellant_Type_Primary
            imary {c |} Accused i      Other  Patent ap  Patent as {c |}     Total
{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
Accused infringer {c |}{res}        52          1          0          3 {txt}{c |}{res}        56 
{txt}            Other {c |}{res}         1          8          1          4 {txt}{c |}{res}        14 
{txt} Patent applicant {c |}{res}         0          3          2          0 {txt}{c |}{res}         5 
{txt}  Patent asserter {c |}{res}         3          2          0        118 {txt}{c |}{res}       123 
{txt}{hline 18}{c +}{hline 44}{c +}{hline 10}
            Total {c |}{res}        56         14          3        125 {txt}{c |}{res}       198 
{txt}
{com}. 
. kappaetc Appellant_Type_Primary_n kappa_Appellant_Type_Primary_n if _merge==3
{res}
{txt}Interrater agreement                             Number of subjects = {res}    200
{txt}                                           Ratings per subject: min = {res}      1
                                                                {txt}avg = {res}   1.99
                                                                {txt}max = {res}      2
                                        {txt}Number of rating categories = {res}      4
{txt}{hline 21}{c TT}{hline 56}
{col 22}{c |}{col 26}Coef.{col 33}Std. Err.{col 46}t{col 51}P>|t|{col 59}[95% Conf. Interval]
{hline 21}{c +}{hline 56}
{res}   {txt}Percent Agreement{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.9091{col 33}  0.0215{col 42} 42.32{col 51}0.000{col 59}  0.8667{col 70}  0.9515
{txt}Brennan and Prediger{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.8788{col 33}  0.0280{col 42} 31.37{col 51}0.000{col 59}  0.8235{col 70}  0.9340
{txt}Cohen/Conger's Kappa{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.8273{col 33}  0.0376{col 42} 22.01{col 51}0.000{col 59}  0.7532{col 70}  0.9015
    {txt}Scott/Fleiss' Pi{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.8286{col 33}  0.0372{col 42} 22.25{col 51}0.000{col 59}  0.7552{col 70}  0.9020
           {txt}Gwet's AC{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.8896{col 33}  0.0261{col 42} 34.08{col 51}0.000{col 59}  0.8381{col 70}  0.9410
{txt}Krippendorff's Alpha{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.8264{col 33}  0.0375{col 42} 22.02{col 51}0.000{col 59}  0.7524{col 70}  0.9004
{txt}{hline 21}{c BT}{hline 56}
{res}{txt}
{com}. kappaetc Appellant_Type_Primary_n kappa_Appellant_Type_Primary_n if _merge==3, benchmark(probabilistic) showscale
{res}
{txt}Interrater agreement                             Number of subjects = {res}    200
{txt}                                           Ratings per subject: min = {res}      1
                                                                {txt}avg = {res}   1.99
                                                                {txt}max = {res}      2
                                        {txt}Number of rating categories = {res}      4
{txt}{hline 21}{c TT}{hline 56}
{col 22}{c |}{col 51}P cum.{col 62}Probabilistic
{col 22}{c |}{col 26}Coef.{col 33}Std. Err.{col 44}P in.{col 51} >95%{col 59}[Benchmark Interval]
{hline 21}{c +}{hline 56}
{res}   {txt}Percent Agreement{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.9091{col 33}  0.0215{col 42}  1.00{col 51}1.000{col 59}  0.8000{col 70}  1.0000
{txt}Brennan and Prediger{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.8788{col 33}  0.0280{col 42}  1.00{col 51}0.997{col 59}  0.8000{col 70}  1.0000
{txt}Cohen/Conger's Kappa{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.8273{col 33}  0.0376{col 42}  0.23{col 51}1.000{col 59}  0.6000{col 70}  0.8000
    {txt}Scott/Fleiss' Pi{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.8286{col 33}  0.0372{col 42}  0.22{col 51}1.000{col 59}  0.6000{col 70}  0.8000
           {txt}Gwet's AC{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.8896{col 33}  0.0261{col 42}  1.00{col 51}1.000{col 59}  0.8000{col 70}  1.0000
{txt}Krippendorff's Alpha{col 22}{c |}{res}{col 23}  0.8264{col 33}  0.0375{col 42}  0.24{col 51}1.000{col 59}  0.6000{col 70}  0.8000
{txt}{hline 21}{c BT}{hline 56}

     Benchmark scale

{res}   {txt}        <0.0000  {col 25}Poor
     0.0000-0.2000  {col 25}Slight
     0.2000-0.4000  {col 25}Fair
     0.4000-0.6000  {col 25}Moderate
     0.6000-0.8000  {col 25}Substantial
     0.8000-1.0000  {col 25}Almost Perfect

{com}. 
. // Cohen's kappa is interpreted using Gwet's probabilistic approach using Landis & Koch's benchmarking scale, rather than as a deterministic value. 
. 
{txt}end of do-file

{com}. log close
      {txt}name:  {res}<unnamed>
       {txt}log:  {res}/Users/jrantanen/Documents/Scholarship/2021 Who Appeals Patent Cases/Data for submission/2022-10-21 Who Appeals Patent Cases log.smcl
  {txt}log type:  {res}smcl
 {txt}closed on:  {res}21 Oct 2022, 13:02:07
{txt}{.-}
{smcl}
{txt}{sf}{ul off}